俄罗斯北极政策调整背景下的“冰上丝绸之路”建设
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摘要
俄罗斯作为共建"冰上丝绸之路"的重要一方,其北极政策的调整对中俄北极合作的开展影响深远。俄罗斯北极政策的调整使其政策更具稳定性和连续性,俄罗斯与他国在北极地区合作水平提高,北极地区基础设施和居民生活水平得到改善,北极东北航道商业运输逐渐开放,能源和航道开发成为北极政策的重点。俄罗斯北极政策调整,为"冰上丝绸之路"的提出和推进提供了更好的政策支持,开发北极航道潜力并改善了北极地区开发的条件,也促进了中俄两国的合作进一步得到发展。面对新的历史机遇,中国应该加大专业人才培养和设施投入并与俄罗斯等相关各国通力合作,为共建"冰上丝绸之路"的顺利推进和参与北极治理打下坚实的基础。
As an essential party of co-construction of China-Russia"Ice Silk Road", Russian Arctic policy adjustment have a profound influence on China-Russian Arctic cooperation. In terms of Russian Arctic Policy 's adjustment, the changes are the reinforcement of Russian Arctic Policy, with stability and continuity; the gradual opening-up of Russian Arctic; the improvement of Russian Arctic's infrastructure and the living standard of Arctic residents; the gradual opening-up of the Northeast Passage,and the energy exploitation and channel development have become key points of Russian Arctic Policy. The adjustment of Russian Arctic Policy impacts the progress of "Ice Silk Road"initiative and provides better policy support, exploits the shipping capacity of Arctic Passage, also accelerate China-Russian cooperation. Facing with the new historic opportunity of the China-Russia "Ice Silk Road"initiative, China should increase training of professional talents and infrastructure construction, pull together with relative countries such as Russia, and make adequate preparations for the co-construction of the "Ice silk Road"initiative and Arctic governance.
As an essential party of co-construction of China-Russia"Ice Silk Road", Russian Arctic policy adjustment have a profound influence on China-Russian Arctic cooperation. In terms of Russian Arctic Policy 's adjustment, the changes are the reinforcement of Russian Arctic Policy, with stability and continuity; the gradual opening-up of Russian Arctic; the improvement of Russian Arctic's infrastructure and the living standard of Arctic residents; the gradual opening-up of the Northeast Passage,and the energy exploitation and channel development have become key points of Russian Arctic Policy. The adjustment of Russian Arctic Policy impacts the progress of "Ice Silk Road"initiative and provides better policy support, exploits the shipping capacity of Arctic Passage, also accelerate China-Russian cooperation. Facing with the new historic opportunity of the China-Russia "Ice Silk Road"initiative, China should increase training of professional talents and infrastructure construction, pull together with relative countries such as Russia, and make adequate preparations for the co-construction of the "Ice silk Road"initiative and Arctic governance.
引文
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[15]赵宁宁.当前俄罗斯北方海航线的开发政策评析[J].全球视野,2016(8):169-174.
[16]СтратегияразвитияАрктическойзоныРоссийскойФедерациииобеспечениянациональнойбезопасностинапериоддо2020года[EB/OL].http://lawru.info/dok/2013/02/20/n13848.htm,2018-09-06.
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[19]孙迁杰,马建光.地缘政治视域下美俄新北极战略的对比研究[J].和平与发展,2016(6):34-46.
[20]СтратегияразвитияАрктическойзоныРоссийскойФедерациииобеспечениянациональнойбезопасностинапериоддо2020года[EB/OL].http://lawru.info/dok/2013/02/20/n13848.htm,2018-09-07.
[21]驻俄罗斯联邦经商参处.俄政府批准北极地区发展规划[EB/OL].http://ru.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201404/2014040056 5395.shtml,2018-09-13.
[22]BASICS OF THE STATE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE ARCTIC FOR THE PERIOD TILL 2020 AND FOR AFURTHER PERSPECTIVE[EB/OL].http://www.research.kobe-u.ac.jp/gsics-pcrc/sympo/20160728/documents/Keynote/Russian_Arctic_Policy_2009.pdf,2018-09-13.
[23]СтратегияразвитияАрктическойзоныРоссийскойФедерациииобеспечениянациональнойбезопасностинапериоддо2020года[EB/OL].http://lawru.info/dok/2013/02/20/n13848.htm,2018-09-16.
[24]Erik·Bruel.International Strait:A Treatise on International Law[M].Copenhagen:Nyt Nordisk Forlag,1947.
[25]Russian Strategy of the Development of the Arctic Zone and the Provision of National Security until 2020[J].China Ocean Law Review,Vol.2014,No.2:268-287.
[26]韦进深,舒景林.北方航道与俄罗斯的北极发展战略评析[J].东北亚学刊,2013(6):52-58.
[27]赵宁宁.当前俄罗斯北方海航线的开发政策评析[J].理论月刊,2016,(8):169-174.
[28]Brubaker,R.Douglas,The Northern Sea Route Regime:Exquisite Superpower Subterfuge?[J].Ocean Development&International Law.Oct-Dec99,Vol.30 Issue 4:299-331
[29]Rules of navigation in the water area of the Northern Sea Route[EB/OL].http://www.nsra.ru/en/ofitsialnaya_informatsiya/pravila_plavaniya/f120.html,2018-09-24.
[30]郑雷.北极东北航道:沿海国利益与航行自由[J].国际论坛,2016(2):7-12.
[31]Bjorn Gunnarsson.Future Development of the Northern Sea Route[EB/OL].https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/futuredevelopment-of-the-northern-sea-route,2018-10-02.
[32]薛兴国.俄罗斯国家安全战略的演变[J].军事历史研究,2010(2):96-100.
[33]ОСтратегиинациональнойбезопасностиРоссийскойФедерациидо2020года[EB/OL].https://rg.ru/2009/05/19/strategia-dok.html,2009-09-15/2018-10-02.
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[35]Yue Xiaowen.Russia’s Oil and Gas Industry in 2015[J].International Petroleum Economics,Vol.24,No.04,2016:55-61.
[36]钱宗旗.俄罗斯北极能源发展前景和中俄能源合作展望[J].山东工商学院学报,2015(10):38-43.
[37]中国网.中俄能源合作重大项目亚马尔液化天然气项目正式投产[EB/OL].http://www.china.com.cn/news/2017-12/10/content_41978506.htm,2018-09-27.
[38]Yue Xiaowen.Russia’s Oil and Gas Industry in 2016[J].International Petroleum Economics,Vol.25,No.04,2017:73-79.
[39]刘乾,高楠.俄罗斯-中亚地区油气政策走向及对华合作前景[J].国际石油经济,2016(2):22-28.
[40]Briggs·Philip J.The Polar Sea Voyage and the Northwest Passage Dispute[J].Armed Forces&Society,1990,16(3):441.
[41]国际船舶网.中远航运2016‘永盛+’项目圆满收官[EB/OL].http://www.eworldship.com/html/2016/ShipOwner_1006/120473.html,2018-10-07.
[43]商务部综合司.推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动.发布[EB/OL].http://zhs.mofcom.gov.cn/article/xxfb/201503/20150300926644.shtml,2018-10-12.
(1)相关研究参见:夏立平.新时代“冰上丝绸之路”的发展布局研究[J].人民论坛,2018(6)上:24-34;赵隆.共建“冰上丝绸之路”的背景、制约因素与可行路径[J].俄罗斯东欧中亚研究,2018(2):106-120;程晓.新时代“冰上丝绸之路”战略与可持续发展[J].人民论坛,2018(6)上:6-12;吴大辉.“冰上丝绸之路”:“一带一路”的新延伸[J].人民论坛,2018(3)下:48-49;李振福.“冰上丝绸之路”与北极航线开发[J].人民论坛,2018(6)上;60-69;肖洋.“冰上丝绸之路”的战略支点——格陵兰“独立化”及其地缘价值[J].和平与发展,2017(6):108-129;陆钢.“冰上丝绸之路”的商业价值及其技术支持[J].人民论坛,2018(6)上:35-39.
[2]人民网.中俄总理第二十次定期会晤联合公报(全文)[EB/OL].http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2015/1218/c1002-27944765.html,2018-09-05.
[3]观察者网,周远方.北极:“一带一路”的下一站?[EB/OL].http://www.guancha.cn/strategy/2017_05_22_409534.shtml,2018-09-05.
[4]俄罗斯卫星通讯社,瓦里西·卡申.中国外长:中国有意与俄罗斯共同开发北方海路[EB/OL].http://sputniknews.cn/russia_china_relations/201705271022723258/,2018-09-05.
[5]Nengye Liu,China-Russia Trouble on the Arctic Silk Road?[EB/OL].http://thediplomat.com/2017/07/china-russia-trouble-on-the-arcticsilk-road/,2018-09-05.
[6]新华网.中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦关于进一步深化全面战略协作伙伴关系的联合声明[EB/OL].http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2017-07/05/c_1121263941.htm,2018-09-05.
[7]中国网,刘华.“数说”习主席莫斯科时间[EB/OL].http://news.china.com.cn/world/2017-07/05/content_41157110.htm,2018-09-06.
[8]中国网,辛闻.习近平会见俄罗斯总理梅德韦杰夫[EB/OL].http://www.china.com.cn/news/world/2017-11/03/content_41840180.htm,2018-11-17.
[9]中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.中国的北极政策[M].北京:人民出版社,2018.6.
[10]吴大辉.“冰上丝绸之路”:“一带一路”的新延伸[J].人民论坛,2018(3)下:48.
[11]王晨光.路径依赖、关键节点与北极理事会的制度变迁[J].外交评论,2018(4):72.
[12]Barry Scott Zellen.The Fast-Changing Arctic:Rethinking Arctic Security for a Warmer World[M].Calgary:University of Calgary Press,2007,77.
[13][42]北极问题研究编写组:北极问题研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2011.248、376.
[14]Katarzyna Zysk.Russia’s Arctic Strategy:Ambitions and Restraints[J].Joint Force Quarterly 57,No.2(2010):103-109.
[15]赵宁宁.当前俄罗斯北方海航线的开发政策评析[J].全球视野,2016(8):169-174.
[16]СтратегияразвитияАрктическойзоныРоссийскойФедерациииобеспечениянациональнойбезопасностинапериоддо2020года[EB/OL].http://lawru.info/dok/2013/02/20/n13848.htm,2018-09-06.
[17]ОбутверждениигосударственнойпрограммыРоссийскойФедерации.Социально-экономическоеразвитиеАрктическойзоныРоссийскойФедерациинапериоддо2020года[EB/OL].http://static.government.ru/media/files/AtEYgOHutVc.pdf,2018-09-12.
[18]УказПрезидентаРФот02.05.2014 N 296(ред.от27.06.2017)"ОсухопутныхтерриторияхАрктическойзоныРоссийскойФедерации"20сентября2017г.0:14[EB/OL].http://legalacts.ru/doc/ukaz-prezidenta-rf-ot-02052014-n-296/,2018-09-15.
[19]孙迁杰,马建光.地缘政治视域下美俄新北极战略的对比研究[J].和平与发展,2016(6):34-46.
[20]СтратегияразвитияАрктическойзоныРоссийскойФедерациииобеспечениянациональнойбезопасностинапериоддо2020года[EB/OL].http://lawru.info/dok/2013/02/20/n13848.htm,2018-09-07.
[21]驻俄罗斯联邦经商参处.俄政府批准北极地区发展规划[EB/OL].http://ru.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201404/2014040056 5395.shtml,2018-09-13.
[22]BASICS OF THE STATE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE ARCTIC FOR THE PERIOD TILL 2020 AND FOR AFURTHER PERSPECTIVE[EB/OL].http://www.research.kobe-u.ac.jp/gsics-pcrc/sympo/20160728/documents/Keynote/Russian_Arctic_Policy_2009.pdf,2018-09-13.
[23]СтратегияразвитияАрктическойзоныРоссийскойФедерациииобеспечениянациональнойбезопасностинапериоддо2020года[EB/OL].http://lawru.info/dok/2013/02/20/n13848.htm,2018-09-16.
[24]Erik·Bruel.International Strait:A Treatise on International Law[M].Copenhagen:Nyt Nordisk Forlag,1947.
[25]Russian Strategy of the Development of the Arctic Zone and the Provision of National Security until 2020[J].China Ocean Law Review,Vol.2014,No.2:268-287.
[26]韦进深,舒景林.北方航道与俄罗斯的北极发展战略评析[J].东北亚学刊,2013(6):52-58.
[27]赵宁宁.当前俄罗斯北方海航线的开发政策评析[J].理论月刊,2016,(8):169-174.
[28]Brubaker,R.Douglas,The Northern Sea Route Regime:Exquisite Superpower Subterfuge?[J].Ocean Development&International Law.Oct-Dec99,Vol.30 Issue 4:299-331
[29]Rules of navigation in the water area of the Northern Sea Route[EB/OL].http://www.nsra.ru/en/ofitsialnaya_informatsiya/pravila_plavaniya/f120.html,2018-09-24.
[30]郑雷.北极东北航道:沿海国利益与航行自由[J].国际论坛,2016(2):7-12.
[31]Bjorn Gunnarsson.Future Development of the Northern Sea Route[EB/OL].https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/futuredevelopment-of-the-northern-sea-route,2018-10-02.
[32]薛兴国.俄罗斯国家安全战略的演变[J].军事历史研究,2010(2):96-100.
[33]ОСтратегиинациональнойбезопасностиРоссийскойФедерациидо2020года[EB/OL].https://rg.ru/2009/05/19/strategia-dok.html,2009-09-15/2018-10-02.
[34]ВладимирПутинпровёлсовещание,накоторомобсуждаласьноваяредакцияМорскойдоктриныРоссийскойФедерации[EB/OL].http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/50060,2018-10-02.
[35]Yue Xiaowen.Russia’s Oil and Gas Industry in 2015[J].International Petroleum Economics,Vol.24,No.04,2016:55-61.
[36]钱宗旗.俄罗斯北极能源发展前景和中俄能源合作展望[J].山东工商学院学报,2015(10):38-43.
[37]中国网.中俄能源合作重大项目亚马尔液化天然气项目正式投产[EB/OL].http://www.china.com.cn/news/2017-12/10/content_41978506.htm,2018-09-27.
[38]Yue Xiaowen.Russia’s Oil and Gas Industry in 2016[J].International Petroleum Economics,Vol.25,No.04,2017:73-79.
[39]刘乾,高楠.俄罗斯-中亚地区油气政策走向及对华合作前景[J].国际石油经济,2016(2):22-28.
[40]Briggs·Philip J.The Polar Sea Voyage and the Northwest Passage Dispute[J].Armed Forces&Society,1990,16(3):441.
[41]国际船舶网.中远航运2016‘永盛+’项目圆满收官[EB/OL].http://www.eworldship.com/html/2016/ShipOwner_1006/120473.html,2018-10-07.
[43]商务部综合司.推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动.发布[EB/OL].http://zhs.mofcom.gov.cn/article/xxfb/201503/20150300926644.shtml,2018-10-12.
(1)相关研究参见:夏立平.新时代“冰上丝绸之路”的发展布局研究[J].人民论坛,2018(6)上:24-34;赵隆.共建“冰上丝绸之路”的背景、制约因素与可行路径[J].俄罗斯东欧中亚研究,2018(2):106-120;程晓.新时代“冰上丝绸之路”战略与可持续发展[J].人民论坛,2018(6)上:6-12;吴大辉.“冰上丝绸之路”:“一带一路”的新延伸[J].人民论坛,2018(3)下:48-49;李振福.“冰上丝绸之路”与北极航线开发[J].人民论坛,2018(6)上;60-69;肖洋.“冰上丝绸之路”的战略支点——格陵兰“独立化”及其地缘价值[J].和平与发展,2017(6):108-129;陆钢.“冰上丝绸之路”的商业价值及其技术支持[J].人民论坛,2018(6)上:35-39.
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