致密砂岩气资源潜力关键参数确定方法——以吐哈盆地为例
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摘要
致密砂岩气资源评价方法的选取与参数的确定对客观认识致密气的资源潜力至关重要。通过分析各种资源评价方法的优缺点,选取容积法,结合致密储层特征确定了致密界线和含气饱和度两个关键参数。结果表明,容积法是评价致密砂岩气资源潜力可信度较高的方法,但参数的准确求取需结合致密储层的特征;致密砂岩储层具有喉道细小、亲水性强和束缚水含量高等特点,而且渗流能力由喉道大小控制,亲水性受具体粘土矿物成分与含量控制,但不受粘土总量控制;伊利石含量越高,岩石的润湿角越小,亲水性就越强,而绿泥石刚好相反;天然气的浮力与毛管力之间的平衡关系可确定致密储层物性界线,该界线受地层倾角影响明显,从盆地中心到边缘临界致密界线逐渐变小;伊利石表面强吸附水形成的双电层具有较强的导电能力,使传统的阿尔奇公式不适合致密砂岩含气饱和度的解释。而印尼公式充分考虑了泥质含量的影响,更适合于致密储层含气饱和度的解释。
Selection of methods and relevant parameters is crucial for estimation of tight gas resources. The volumetric method was selected in this paper based on analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different evaluation methods and relevant two key parameters were defined,namely tightness limit and gas saturation. The results show that volumetric method is the most reliable method to evaluate tight gas resource potential. However,the accurate determination of relevant parameters should be based on the features of tight sandstone reservoir. Tight sandstone reservoirs are generally characterized by small throat,strong hydrophilicity and high bound water saturation. The size of throat controls the permeability. Hydrophilicity is controlled by clay mineral components and their contents rather than the total amount of clay minerals. The higher content of Illite is,the smaller the wetting angle is and the stronger the hydrophilicity is. The contrary is true for chloride. The balance relationship between gas buoyancy and capillary force determines the limits of reservoir properties,which is significantly influenced by wetting angle. The critical tightening limit progressively decreases from central to edge of the basin. Electric double layer formed by the strong adsorption water on Illite surface has strong conductivivity,which makes the Archie formula not suitable for the interpretation of tight gas saturation. While Indonesia's formula fully takes the influence of shale content into consideration,thus is more suitable for determining gas saturation of tight sandstone reservoir.
Selection of methods and relevant parameters is crucial for estimation of tight gas resources. The volumetric method was selected in this paper based on analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different evaluation methods and relevant two key parameters were defined,namely tightness limit and gas saturation. The results show that volumetric method is the most reliable method to evaluate tight gas resource potential. However,the accurate determination of relevant parameters should be based on the features of tight sandstone reservoir. Tight sandstone reservoirs are generally characterized by small throat,strong hydrophilicity and high bound water saturation. The size of throat controls the permeability. Hydrophilicity is controlled by clay mineral components and their contents rather than the total amount of clay minerals. The higher content of Illite is,the smaller the wetting angle is and the stronger the hydrophilicity is. The contrary is true for chloride. The balance relationship between gas buoyancy and capillary force determines the limits of reservoir properties,which is significantly influenced by wetting angle. The critical tightening limit progressively decreases from central to edge of the basin. Electric double layer formed by the strong adsorption water on Illite surface has strong conductivivity,which makes the Archie formula not suitable for the interpretation of tight gas saturation. While Indonesia's formula fully takes the influence of shale content into consideration,thus is more suitable for determining gas saturation of tight sandstone reservoir.
引文
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[14]张伦友,张向阳.天然气储量计算及其参数确定方法[J].天然气勘探与开发,2004,27(2):20-23.Zhang Lunyou,Zhang Xiangyang.Natural gas reserves calculation and its parameter Determination[J].Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2004,27(2):20-23.
[15]李艳丽.页岩气储量计算方法探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):466-470.Li Yanli.Calculation methods of shale gas reserves[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):466-470.
[16]邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等.中国油气储层中纳米孔首次发现及其科学价值[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1857-1864.Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai,Bai Bin,et al.First discovery of nano-pore throat in oil and gas reservoir in China and its scientific value[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1857-1864.
[17]Nelson P H.Pore-throat sizes in sandstones,tight sandstones,and shales[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(3):329-340.
[18]郑磊,金之钧,张哨楠.中东鲁卜哈利盆地古生界致密砂岩储层特征及评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(4):475-482.Zheng Lei,Jin Zhijun,Zhang Shaonan.Features and evaluation of the Palaeozoic tight sandstone reservoirs of the Rub Al Khali Basin in the Middle East[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(4):475-482.
[19]高辉,解伟,杨建鹏,等.基于恒速压汞技术的特低—超低渗砂岩储层微观孔喉特征[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(2):206-214.Gao Hui,Xie Wei,Yang Jianpeng,et al.Pore throat characteristics of extra-ultra low permeability sandstone reservoir based on constant-rate mercury penetration technique[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(2):206-214.
[20]李卫成,张艳梅,王芳,等.应用恒速压汞技术研究致密油储层微观孔喉特征:以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组为例[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(6):60-65.Li weicheng,Zhang yanmei,Wang fang,et al.Application of constant-rate mercury penetration technique to study of pore throat characteristics of tight reservoir:A case study from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(6):60-65.
[21]孟元林,胡安文,乔德武,等.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层区域成岩规律和成岩作用对致密储层含气性的控制[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):325-334.Meng Yuanlin,Hu Anwen,Qiao Dewu,et al.Regional Diagenetic Law and Control of Diagenesis over Gas-Bearing Capacity of Tight Reservoirs in Deep Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,Songliao Baion[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):325-334.
[22]孟元林,王粤川,牛嘉玉,等.储层孔隙度预测与有效天然气储层确定—以渤海湾盆地鸳鸯沟地区为例[J].天然气工业,2007,27(6):42-44.Meng Yuanlin,Wang Aochuan,Niu Jiayu,et al.Prediction of reservoir porosity and determination of effective gas reservoirs:taking Yuanyanggou area of Bohai bay Basin as an example[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(6):42-44.
[23]侯启军,赵占银,黄志龙.松辽盆地深盆油成藏门限及勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(5):523-529.Hou Qijun,Zhao Zhanyin,Huang Zhilong.Accumulation threshold and exploration potential of deep basin oil in the Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(5):523-529.
[24]罗娜.阿尔奇公式数值分析及其意义[J].石油学报,2007,28(1):111-114.Luo Na.Numerical analysis of Archie formulae and its meanings[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(1):111-114.
[25]钱勇先.油藏条件下平面双电层的特性研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,1996,18(3):41-46.Qian Yongxian.Plane properties of the double layer under the oil reservoir condition[J].Journal of jianghan petroleum institute,1996,18(3):41-46.
[26]赵军龙.测井资料处理与解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.Zhao Junlong.Well logging data processing and interpretation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[2]邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等.中国油气储层中纳米孔首次发现及其科学价值[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1857-1864.Zou Caineng,Zhu rukai,Bai Bin,et al.First discovery of nanopore throat in oil and gas reservoir in China and its scientific value[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,27(6):1857-1864.
[3]赵靖舟,李军,曹青,等.论致密大油气田成藏模式[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(5):573-583.Zhao Jingzhou,Li Jun,Cao Qing,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation patterns of large tight oil and gas fields[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(5):573-583.
[4]林小兵,刘莉萍,田景春,等.川西坳陷合兴场-丰谷地区须家河组致密砂岩气藏精细勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):77-84.Lin Xiaobing,Liu Liping,Tian Jingchun,et al.Fine exploration of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation,HexingchangFenggu area,the western Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(1):77-84.
[5]Badre S,Cristiane C G,Koyo N,et al.Molecular size and weight of asphaltene and asphaltene solubility fractions from coals,crude oils and bitumen[J].Fuel,2006,85(1):1-11.
[6]Philip H N.Pore throat sizes in sandstones,tight sandstone sand shale[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(3):329-340.
[7]Shanley K,Cluff R M,Robinson J W.Factors controlling prolific gas production from low-permeability sandstone reservoirs:implications for resource assessment,prospect development and risk analysis[J].AAPG Bull,2004,(8):100-102.
[8]戴金星,倪云燕,吴小奇.中国致密砂岩气及在勘探开发上的重要意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):257-264.Dai Jinxing,Ni Yunyan,Wu Xiaoqi,et al.Tight gas in China and its significance in exploration and exploitation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):257-264.
[9]Holditch S A.Tight gas sands[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,2006,58(6):86-93.
[10]姜振学,林世国,庞雄奇,等.两种类型致密砂岩气藏对比[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(3):210-214.Jiang Zhenxue,Lin Shiguo,Pang Xiongqi,et al.The comparison of two types of tight sand gas reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006,28(3):210-214.
[11]Schmoker J W.Resource-assessment perspectives for unconventional gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1993-1999.
[12]Olea R A,Cook T A,Coleman J L.A methodology for the assessment of unconventional(continuous)resources with an application to the greater natural buttes gas field,Utah[J].Natural Resources Research,2010,19(4):237-251.
[13]Salazar J,McVay D A,Lee W J.Development of an improved methodology to assess potential gas resources[J].Natural Resources Research,2010,19(4):253-268.
[14]张伦友,张向阳.天然气储量计算及其参数确定方法[J].天然气勘探与开发,2004,27(2):20-23.Zhang Lunyou,Zhang Xiangyang.Natural gas reserves calculation and its parameter Determination[J].Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2004,27(2):20-23.
[15]李艳丽.页岩气储量计算方法探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):466-470.Li Yanli.Calculation methods of shale gas reserves[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):466-470.
[16]邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等.中国油气储层中纳米孔首次发现及其科学价值[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1857-1864.Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai,Bai Bin,et al.First discovery of nano-pore throat in oil and gas reservoir in China and its scientific value[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1857-1864.
[17]Nelson P H.Pore-throat sizes in sandstones,tight sandstones,and shales[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(3):329-340.
[18]郑磊,金之钧,张哨楠.中东鲁卜哈利盆地古生界致密砂岩储层特征及评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(4):475-482.Zheng Lei,Jin Zhijun,Zhang Shaonan.Features and evaluation of the Palaeozoic tight sandstone reservoirs of the Rub Al Khali Basin in the Middle East[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(4):475-482.
[19]高辉,解伟,杨建鹏,等.基于恒速压汞技术的特低—超低渗砂岩储层微观孔喉特征[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(2):206-214.Gao Hui,Xie Wei,Yang Jianpeng,et al.Pore throat characteristics of extra-ultra low permeability sandstone reservoir based on constant-rate mercury penetration technique[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(2):206-214.
[20]李卫成,张艳梅,王芳,等.应用恒速压汞技术研究致密油储层微观孔喉特征:以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组为例[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(6):60-65.Li weicheng,Zhang yanmei,Wang fang,et al.Application of constant-rate mercury penetration technique to study of pore throat characteristics of tight reservoir:A case study from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2012,24(6):60-65.
[21]孟元林,胡安文,乔德武,等.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层区域成岩规律和成岩作用对致密储层含气性的控制[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):325-334.Meng Yuanlin,Hu Anwen,Qiao Dewu,et al.Regional Diagenetic Law and Control of Diagenesis over Gas-Bearing Capacity of Tight Reservoirs in Deep Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,Songliao Baion[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(2):325-334.
[22]孟元林,王粤川,牛嘉玉,等.储层孔隙度预测与有效天然气储层确定—以渤海湾盆地鸳鸯沟地区为例[J].天然气工业,2007,27(6):42-44.Meng Yuanlin,Wang Aochuan,Niu Jiayu,et al.Prediction of reservoir porosity and determination of effective gas reservoirs:taking Yuanyanggou area of Bohai bay Basin as an example[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(6):42-44.
[23]侯启军,赵占银,黄志龙.松辽盆地深盆油成藏门限及勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(5):523-529.Hou Qijun,Zhao Zhanyin,Huang Zhilong.Accumulation threshold and exploration potential of deep basin oil in the Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(5):523-529.
[24]罗娜.阿尔奇公式数值分析及其意义[J].石油学报,2007,28(1):111-114.Luo Na.Numerical analysis of Archie formulae and its meanings[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(1):111-114.
[25]钱勇先.油藏条件下平面双电层的特性研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,1996,18(3):41-46.Qian Yongxian.Plane properties of the double layer under the oil reservoir condition[J].Journal of jianghan petroleum institute,1996,18(3):41-46.
[26]赵军龙.测井资料处理与解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.Zhao Junlong.Well logging data processing and interpretation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.