合作研发与企业创新绩效——基于世界银行中国企业调查数据的实证分析
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摘要
采用世界银行企业调查数据(2012)中国制造业企业板块的截面数据,考察内部研发和合作研发对企业创新绩效的影响。结果表明:对我国制造业企业而言,与供应链企业的合作研发比其他形式的合作研发对创新绩效的影响更大;企业合作研发程度越高,其合作行为对创新绩效的影响越大。
By using cross-sectional data of the Chinese manufacturing enterprises in World Bank Enterprises Survey(2012),this paper examines the impact of internal R&D and collaborative R&D on enterprise innovation performance.The research result indicates that: For Chinese manufacturing enterprises,collaborative R&D with supply chain enterprises has greater impact on innovation performance than other forms of collaborative R&D; The higher the degree of collaborative R&D of an enterprise,the greater the impact of its cooperative behavior on innovation performance.
By using cross-sectional data of the Chinese manufacturing enterprises in World Bank Enterprises Survey(2012),this paper examines the impact of internal R&D and collaborative R&D on enterprise innovation performance.The research result indicates that: For Chinese manufacturing enterprises,collaborative R&D with supply chain enterprises has greater impact on innovation performance than other forms of collaborative R&D; The higher the degree of collaborative R&D of an enterprise,the greater the impact of its cooperative behavior on innovation performance.
引文
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[2]West J,Bogers M.Leveraging external sources of innovation:A review of research on open innovation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2014,31(4):814-831.
[3]高良谋,马文甲.开放式创新:内涵、框架与中国情境[J].管理世界,2014(6):157-169.
[4]吴剑峰,杨震宁,邱永辉.国际研发合作的地域广度、资源禀赋与技术创新绩效的关系研究[J].管理学报,2015,12(10):1487-1495.
[5]王龙伟,任胜钢,谢恩.合作研发对企业创新绩效的影响研究:基于治理机制的调节分析[J].科学学研究,2011,29(5):785-792.
[6]Chesbrough H,Vanhaverbeke W,West J.Open innovation:Researching a new paradigm[J].Atlantic Monthly,2006,84(4):1259-1259.
[7]Chen J,Chen Y,Vanhaverbeke W.The influence of scope,depth,and orientation of external technology sources on the innovative performance of Chinese firms[J].Technovation,2008,31(8):362-373.
[8]Brusoni S,Prencipe A,Pavitt K.Knowledge specialization,organizational coupling,and the boundaries of the firm:Why do firms know more than they make?[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2001,46(4):597-621.
[9]Greco M,Grimaldi M,Cricelli L.An analysis of the open innovation effect on firm performance[J].European Management Journal,2016,34(5):501-516.
[10]马艳艳,刘凤朝,姜滨滨,等.企业跨组织研发合作广度和深度对创新绩效的影响:基于中国工业企业数据的实证[J].科研管理,2014,35(6):33-40.
[11]Chiang Y H,Hung K P.Exploring open search strategies and perceived innovation performance from the perspective of inter-organizational knowledge flows[J].R&D Management,2010,40(3):292-299.
[12]Cheng C C J,Huizingh E K R E.When is open innovation beneficial?The role of strategic orientation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2014,31(6):1235-1253.
[13]Chiang Y H,Hung K P.Exploring open search strategies and perceived innovation performance from the perspective of inter-organizational knowledge flows[J].R&D Management,2010,40(3):292-299.
[14]Frishammar J,Lichtenthaler U,Rundquist J.Identifying technology commercialization opportunities:The importance of integrating product development knowledge[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,29(4):573-589.
[15]Popa S,Soto-Acosta P,Martinez-Conesa I.Antecedents,moderators,and outcomes of innovation climate and open innovation:An empirical study in SMEs[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change,2017,118(5):134-142.
[16]Greco M,Grimaldi M,Cricelli L.An analysis of the open innovation effect on firm performance[J].European Management Journal,2016,34(5):501-516.
[17]Freel M S,Harrison R T.Innovation and cooperation in the small firm sector:Evidence from Northern Britain[J].Regional Studies,2006,40(4):289-305.
[18]Schroll A,Mild A.A critical review of empirical research on open innovation adoption[J].Management Review Quarterly,2012,62(2):85-118.
[19]Chesbrough H,Schwartz K.Innovating business models with co-development partnerships[J].ResearchTechnology Management,2007,50(1):55-59.
[20]Un C A,Cuervo-Cazurra A,Asakawa K.R&D collaborations and product innovation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010,27(5):673-689.
[21]Kang K H,Kang J.How do firms source external knowledge for innovation?Analyzing effects of different knowledge sourcing methods[J].International Journal of Innovation Management,2011,13(1):1-17.
[22]Arora A,Cohen W M,Walsh J P.The acquisition and commercialization of invention in American manufacturing:Incidence and impact[J].Research Policy,2016,45(6):1113-1128.
[23]埃里克·冯·希普尔.技术创新的源泉[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1996.
[24]马文聪,朱桂龙.供应商和客户参与技术创新对创新绩效的影响[J].科研管理,2013,34(2):19-26.
[25]李斓曦.基于供应链的开放式创新合作研发模式研究[J].商业经济研究,2011(29):88-89.
[26]Belussi F,Sammarra A,Sedita S R.Learning at the boundaries in an'Open Regional Innovation System':A focus on firms'innovation strategies in the Emilia Romagna life science industry[J].Research Policy,2010,39(6):710-721.
[27]Laursen K,Salter A.Open for innovation:The role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2006,27(2):131-150.
[28]Hussler C,RondéP.Investing in networking competences or establishing in hot spots?The innovation dilemma[J].Journal of Technology Management&Innovation,2009,4(4):1-13.
[29]Vrande V V D,Vanhaverbeke W,Duysters G.Technology in-sourcing and the creation of pioneering technologies[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2011,28(6):974-987.
[30]Petruzzelli A M.The impact of technological relatedness,prior ties,and geographical distance on university-industry collaborations:A joint-patent analysis[J].Technovation,2011,31(7):309-319.
[31]陈劲,陈钰芬.企业技术创新绩效评价指标体系研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,27(3):86-91.
[32]崔维军,傅宇,王文婧.探索式创新、利用式创新与中国制造业企业创新绩效:基于世界银行调查数据的实证分析[J].产经评论,2017,8(1):45-54.
(1)2012年世界银行中国制造业企业调查数据是目前可获取的最新的世界银行中国制造业企业调查数据。
(2)调查问卷A4问题:企业行业。
(3)调查问卷A7问题:企业是否为更大型企业的子公司?
(4)调查问卷CNo2问题:在2011年,企业近三年新产品或服务的销售收入占年收入的比例是多少?
(5)根据ISIC/Rev3给定行业标准分类。其中,问卷调查中将“未另列明的电力机械和装备的制造”和“收音机、电视机和通讯设备和装置的制造”归入“电子设备制造”;将“机动车辆、挂车和半挂车的制造”和“其他运输设备的制造”归入“运输设备制造”。
(6)问卷CNo17a~CNo17f问题选项所对应问题为CNo17A:该企业通过何种途径引入新产品或服务?CNo17a:企业部门研发;CNo17b:与供应商合作研发;CNo17c:与客户公司合作研发;CNo17d:企业间合作研发;CNo17e:创意来自企业内部;CNo17f:创意来自企业外部,例如咨询顾问、大学和研究机构。
[2]West J,Bogers M.Leveraging external sources of innovation:A review of research on open innovation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2014,31(4):814-831.
[3]高良谋,马文甲.开放式创新:内涵、框架与中国情境[J].管理世界,2014(6):157-169.
[4]吴剑峰,杨震宁,邱永辉.国际研发合作的地域广度、资源禀赋与技术创新绩效的关系研究[J].管理学报,2015,12(10):1487-1495.
[5]王龙伟,任胜钢,谢恩.合作研发对企业创新绩效的影响研究:基于治理机制的调节分析[J].科学学研究,2011,29(5):785-792.
[6]Chesbrough H,Vanhaverbeke W,West J.Open innovation:Researching a new paradigm[J].Atlantic Monthly,2006,84(4):1259-1259.
[7]Chen J,Chen Y,Vanhaverbeke W.The influence of scope,depth,and orientation of external technology sources on the innovative performance of Chinese firms[J].Technovation,2008,31(8):362-373.
[8]Brusoni S,Prencipe A,Pavitt K.Knowledge specialization,organizational coupling,and the boundaries of the firm:Why do firms know more than they make?[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2001,46(4):597-621.
[9]Greco M,Grimaldi M,Cricelli L.An analysis of the open innovation effect on firm performance[J].European Management Journal,2016,34(5):501-516.
[10]马艳艳,刘凤朝,姜滨滨,等.企业跨组织研发合作广度和深度对创新绩效的影响:基于中国工业企业数据的实证[J].科研管理,2014,35(6):33-40.
[11]Chiang Y H,Hung K P.Exploring open search strategies and perceived innovation performance from the perspective of inter-organizational knowledge flows[J].R&D Management,2010,40(3):292-299.
[12]Cheng C C J,Huizingh E K R E.When is open innovation beneficial?The role of strategic orientation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2014,31(6):1235-1253.
[13]Chiang Y H,Hung K P.Exploring open search strategies and perceived innovation performance from the perspective of inter-organizational knowledge flows[J].R&D Management,2010,40(3):292-299.
[14]Frishammar J,Lichtenthaler U,Rundquist J.Identifying technology commercialization opportunities:The importance of integrating product development knowledge[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2012,29(4):573-589.
[15]Popa S,Soto-Acosta P,Martinez-Conesa I.Antecedents,moderators,and outcomes of innovation climate and open innovation:An empirical study in SMEs[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change,2017,118(5):134-142.
[16]Greco M,Grimaldi M,Cricelli L.An analysis of the open innovation effect on firm performance[J].European Management Journal,2016,34(5):501-516.
[17]Freel M S,Harrison R T.Innovation and cooperation in the small firm sector:Evidence from Northern Britain[J].Regional Studies,2006,40(4):289-305.
[18]Schroll A,Mild A.A critical review of empirical research on open innovation adoption[J].Management Review Quarterly,2012,62(2):85-118.
[19]Chesbrough H,Schwartz K.Innovating business models with co-development partnerships[J].ResearchTechnology Management,2007,50(1):55-59.
[20]Un C A,Cuervo-Cazurra A,Asakawa K.R&D collaborations and product innovation[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2010,27(5):673-689.
[21]Kang K H,Kang J.How do firms source external knowledge for innovation?Analyzing effects of different knowledge sourcing methods[J].International Journal of Innovation Management,2011,13(1):1-17.
[22]Arora A,Cohen W M,Walsh J P.The acquisition and commercialization of invention in American manufacturing:Incidence and impact[J].Research Policy,2016,45(6):1113-1128.
[23]埃里克·冯·希普尔.技术创新的源泉[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1996.
[24]马文聪,朱桂龙.供应商和客户参与技术创新对创新绩效的影响[J].科研管理,2013,34(2):19-26.
[25]李斓曦.基于供应链的开放式创新合作研发模式研究[J].商业经济研究,2011(29):88-89.
[26]Belussi F,Sammarra A,Sedita S R.Learning at the boundaries in an'Open Regional Innovation System':A focus on firms'innovation strategies in the Emilia Romagna life science industry[J].Research Policy,2010,39(6):710-721.
[27]Laursen K,Salter A.Open for innovation:The role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2006,27(2):131-150.
[28]Hussler C,RondéP.Investing in networking competences or establishing in hot spots?The innovation dilemma[J].Journal of Technology Management&Innovation,2009,4(4):1-13.
[29]Vrande V V D,Vanhaverbeke W,Duysters G.Technology in-sourcing and the creation of pioneering technologies[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,2011,28(6):974-987.
[30]Petruzzelli A M.The impact of technological relatedness,prior ties,and geographical distance on university-industry collaborations:A joint-patent analysis[J].Technovation,2011,31(7):309-319.
[31]陈劲,陈钰芬.企业技术创新绩效评价指标体系研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,27(3):86-91.
[32]崔维军,傅宇,王文婧.探索式创新、利用式创新与中国制造业企业创新绩效:基于世界银行调查数据的实证分析[J].产经评论,2017,8(1):45-54.
(1)2012年世界银行中国制造业企业调查数据是目前可获取的最新的世界银行中国制造业企业调查数据。
(2)调查问卷A4问题:企业行业。
(3)调查问卷A7问题:企业是否为更大型企业的子公司?
(4)调查问卷CNo2问题:在2011年,企业近三年新产品或服务的销售收入占年收入的比例是多少?
(5)根据ISIC/Rev3给定行业标准分类。其中,问卷调查中将“未另列明的电力机械和装备的制造”和“收音机、电视机和通讯设备和装置的制造”归入“电子设备制造”;将“机动车辆、挂车和半挂车的制造”和“其他运输设备的制造”归入“运输设备制造”。
(6)问卷CNo17a~CNo17f问题选项所对应问题为CNo17A:该企业通过何种途径引入新产品或服务?CNo17a:企业部门研发;CNo17b:与供应商合作研发;CNo17c:与客户公司合作研发;CNo17d:企业间合作研发;CNo17e:创意来自企业内部;CNo17f:创意来自企业外部,例如咨询顾问、大学和研究机构。