基于生态适宜度和三角模型的煤矿临时建设用地复垦决策研究
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摘要
开展煤矿临时建设用地生态化复垦利用是响应生态文明建设战略、践行"生态型土地整治+"理念、优化布局国土三生空间的重要途径。论文以重庆市綦江区14个煤矿的临时性建设用地为研究对象,构建由自然因素、区位因素、人口因素等8个因素,坡度、距道路距离、土壤污染程度等20多个评价因子组成的适宜性评价指标体系,采用综合权重法(AHP层次分析法+熵权法)赋权,将生态位适宜度模型和三角模型引入煤矿临时建设用地生态化复垦利用决策分析中。结果表明:1)各评价单元不同复垦利用方向的生态适宜度指数平均值均大于0.5,研究区整体条件较好,基本适宜于不同复垦方向利用,但部分地块生态位适宜度系数较低,需要采取工程或生物措施对生境条件加以改善和整治。2)单方向复垦利用分析中,农业用地复垦方向适宜度呈"倒金字塔形"分布,以Ⅰ级(最适宜)面积最大,占比44.94%;建设用地复垦方向和生态用地复垦方向适宜度呈"橄榄形"分布,以Ⅱ级(适宜)面积最大,分别占到76.54%和58.02%。综合复垦利用方向分析中,各复垦利用方向的评价单元个数和面积,均呈现出农业用地>生态用地>建设用地的状态,三者分别占总面积的46.29%、30.17%、23.54%。3)影响农业用地复垦利用方向的主要因素为土壤质地、公众复垦意愿和耕地比重,影响建设用地复垦利用方向的主要因素为地质灾害易发程度、公众意愿和非农产业发展潜力,影响生态用地复垦利用方向的主要因素则为林地比率、人均林地面积和土壤有机质含量。该研究可为煤矿临时建设用地复垦方向确定提供方法参考和决策依据。
The ecological reclamation and utilization of temporary construction land of coal mines is an important way of responding to the strategy of ecological civilization construction,practicing the idea of"ecological land improvement +"and optimizing the layout of the land.Based on the temporary construction land of 14 coal mines in Qijiang District of Chongqing City, an index system of suitability evaluation consisting of eight factors such as nature,location and population were constructed, which includes more than 20 evaluation factors such as slope, distance from road and soil pollution degree. By adopting the comprehensive weight method(AHP + TOPSIS), the niche-fitness model and the triangle model are introduced into the decision analysis of ecological reclamation and utilization of temporary construction land of coal mine. The results show that: 1) The average value of ecological index of each evaluation unit is more than 0.5, and the overall condition of the study area is good and is basically suitable for different kinds of reclamation. However, the niche-fitness coefficient of some plots is low, which indicated engineering or biological measures are needed to improve and renovate the situation. 2) In the unidirectional reclamation and utilization analysis, the appropriateness of agricultural reclamation showed"inverted pyramid"distribution that grade Ⅰ(optimum) has the largest area, accounting for 44.94% of the land; the appropriateness of construction land and ecological land showed a shape of olive that the grade Ⅱ(suitability) has the largest area,accounting for 76.54% and 58.02%, respectively. In the analysis of comprehensive reclamation and utilization, agricultural land showed the most in number and area of evaluation units in each reclamation and utilization direction, followed by ecological land and construction land.The three kinds of land accounted for 46.29%, 30.17% and 23.54% of the total area respectively. 3) The main factors influencing the direction of land reclamation are soil texture,public reclamation intention and proportion of cultivated land, and the main factors influencing the reclamation and utilization of construction land are the degree of geological disaster susceptibility, public intention and the development potential of non-agricultural industry. The main factors of reclamation and utilization of ecological land are forest land ratio, forest area per capita and soil organic contents. The study can provide the method and reference for decision in reclamation of temporary construction land of coal mines.
The ecological reclamation and utilization of temporary construction land of coal mines is an important way of responding to the strategy of ecological civilization construction,practicing the idea of"ecological land improvement +"and optimizing the layout of the land.Based on the temporary construction land of 14 coal mines in Qijiang District of Chongqing City, an index system of suitability evaluation consisting of eight factors such as nature,location and population were constructed, which includes more than 20 evaluation factors such as slope, distance from road and soil pollution degree. By adopting the comprehensive weight method(AHP + TOPSIS), the niche-fitness model and the triangle model are introduced into the decision analysis of ecological reclamation and utilization of temporary construction land of coal mine. The results show that: 1) The average value of ecological index of each evaluation unit is more than 0.5, and the overall condition of the study area is good and is basically suitable for different kinds of reclamation. However, the niche-fitness coefficient of some plots is low, which indicated engineering or biological measures are needed to improve and renovate the situation. 2) In the unidirectional reclamation and utilization analysis, the appropriateness of agricultural reclamation showed"inverted pyramid"distribution that grade Ⅰ(optimum) has the largest area, accounting for 44.94% of the land; the appropriateness of construction land and ecological land showed a shape of olive that the grade Ⅱ(suitability) has the largest area,accounting for 76.54% and 58.02%, respectively. In the analysis of comprehensive reclamation and utilization, agricultural land showed the most in number and area of evaluation units in each reclamation and utilization direction, followed by ecological land and construction land.The three kinds of land accounted for 46.29%, 30.17% and 23.54% of the total area respectively. 3) The main factors influencing the direction of land reclamation are soil texture,public reclamation intention and proportion of cultivated land, and the main factors influencing the reclamation and utilization of construction land are the degree of geological disaster susceptibility, public intention and the development potential of non-agricultural industry. The main factors of reclamation and utilization of ecological land are forest land ratio, forest area per capita and soil organic contents. The study can provide the method and reference for decision in reclamation of temporary construction land of coal mines.
引文
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[4]陈龙乾,郭达志,许善宽,等.兖州矿区采煤塌陷地状况与综合治理途径研究[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(4):504-508.[CHEN L Q,GUO D Z,XU S K,et al.A study on state and comprehensive control ways of subsided land of Yanzhou coal mining area in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2002,17(4):504-508.]
[5]鲁莎莎,刘彦随.106国道沿线样带区农村空心化土地整治潜力研究[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(4):537-549.[LUS S,LIU Y S.Rural land consolidation potential of typical transect along No.106 state road.Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(4):537-549.]
[6]窦洪桥,金晓斌,汤小橹,等.工程建设项目临时用地定额指标初探--以高速铁路制梁场为例[J].中国土地科学,2010,24(9):57-63.[DOU H Q,JIN X B,TANG X L,et al.Preliminary study on quota indices selection and quantification for controlling the temporary construction land use:A case study on beam fabricating yards of high-speed railway.China Land Science,2010,24(9):57-63.]
[7]张秋玲,李保莲,李东敏,等.基于层次分析法的矿区待复垦土地适宜性评价[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(5):102-104.[ZHANG Q L,LI B L,LI D M,et al.Evaluation on suitability of needed reclaiming land in Xinhe Mining area by AHP.Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(5):102-104.]
[8]田小松,周春蓉,郑杰炳,等.基于指数和法的气矿临时用地复垦适宜性评价研究[J].环境工程,2014,32(S1):856-859.[TIAN X S,ZHOU C R,ZHENG J B,et al.Research on suitability evalution of the gas temporary land based on the index method.Environmental Engineering,2014,32(S1):856-859.]
[9]豆飞飞,李萍,朱嘉伟.永城市陈四楼煤矿土地复垦适宜性评价研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(17):192-197.[DOU F F,LI P,ZHU J W.Research on suitability evaluation of land reclamation of the Chensilou coal mine in Yongcheng.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(17):192-197.]
[10]钱铭杰,吴静,袁春,等.矿区废弃地复垦为农用地潜力评价方法的比较[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):195-204.[QIAN M J,WU J,YUAN C,et al.Comparison for evaluate methods of potentiality for agricultural land reclamation from waste land in mining area.Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(6):195-204.]
[11]崔艳,白中科,张继栋,等.露天矿区农用地复垦适宜性评价的方法与应用[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(S1):181-184.[CUI Y,BAI Z K,ZHANG J D,et al.Methods and application of agricultural land suitability evaluation in opencast mining area.Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(S1):181-184.]
[12]于婧,聂艳,周勇,等.生态位适宜度方法在基于GIS的耕地多宜性评价中的应用[J].土壤学报,2006,43(2):190-196.[YU J,NIE Y,ZHOU Y,et al.Niche-fitness theory and its application to GIS-based multi-suitability evaluation of cultivated land.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,43(2):190-196.]
[13]LI W L,LI Z Z,LI W D.Effect of the niche-fitness at different water supply and fertilization on yield of spring wheat in farmland of semi-arid areas[J].Agricultural Water Management,2004,67(1):1-13.
[14]蒙莉娜,郑新奇,赵璐,等.基于生态位适宜度模型的土地利用功能分区[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):282-287.[MENG L N,ZHENG X Q,ZHAO L,et al.Land-use functional regionalization based on niche-fitness model.Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(3):282-287.]
[15]欧阳志云,王如松,符贵南.生态位适宜度模型及其在土地利用适宜性评价中的应用[J].生态学报,1996,63(2):113-120.[OUYANG Z Y,WANG R S,FU G N.Ecological niche suitability model and its application in land suitability assessment.Acta Ecologica Sinica,1996,63(2):113-120.]
[16]钱辉,张大亮.基于生态位的企业演化机理探析[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006,36(2):20-26.[QIAN H,ZHANG D L.On organization evolution mechanics basing on organization niche.Journal of Zhejiang University(Humanities and Social Sciences),2006,36(2):20-26.]
[17]姚岚,吴次芳,吕添贵,等.基于三角模型的喀斯特地区土地利用系统健康评价[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):246-254.[YAO L,WU C F,LüT G,et al.Health assessment of land use system on karst region based on triangle model.Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(14):246-254.]
[18]祝培甜,赵中秋,陈勇,等.基于三角模型的土地生态安全动态评价--以西安市为例[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):244-248.[ZHU P T,ZHAO Z Q,CHEN Y,et al.Dynamic assessment of land ecologic safety based on triangle model:A case study of Xi’an city.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(1):244-248.]
[19]赵艳,濮励杰,张健,等.基于三角模型的城市土地可持续利用评价--以江苏省无锡市为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(5):810-815.[ZHAO Y,PU L J,ZHANG J,et al.Triangle model evaluation of urbanland sustainable use:A case study of Wuxi,Jiangsu.Economic Geography,2011,31(5):810-815.]
[20]刘慧芳,刘友兆,毕如田,等.基于用地竞争的矿业废弃地再利用用地类型判定[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(10):258-266.[LIU H F,LIU Y Z,BI R T,et al.Reuse type judgment of mining wasteland based on land use competitiveness.Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(10):258-266.]
[21]陈百明.土地资源学概论[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999:75-156.[CHEN B M.Introduction to Land Resources Science.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1999:75-156.]
[22]苏壁耀.土地资源学[M].南京:江苏教育出版社,1994:42-81.[SU B Y.Land Resource Science.Nanjing:Jiangsu Education Press,1994:42-81.]
[23]郭青霞,吉谦,王改玲,等.安太堡露天煤矿复垦土地适宜性评价研究[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,22(2):82-86.[GUO Q X,JI Q,WANG G L,et al.Suitability evaluation of the reclaimed land in Antaibao opencast coal mine.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2002,22(2):82-86.]
[24]杜建平,邵景安,谭少军,等.煤矿区土地复垦研究:前景与进展[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,35(1):131-140.[DU J P,SHAO J A,TAN S J,et al.The research of land reclamation in coal mining area:Prospects and progress.Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2018,35(1):131-140.]
[25]SHAO J A,ZHANG S C,LI X B,et al.Farmland marginalization in the mountainous areas:Characteristics,influencing factors and policy implications[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(6):701-722.
[26]俞艳,何建华.基于生态位适宜度的土地生态经济适宜性评价[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(1):124-128.[YU Y,HEJ H.Land eco-economical suitability evaluation based on niche fitness.Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(1):124-128.]
[2]陈英义,李道亮.基于Web的煤矿废弃地土地复垦决策支持系统设计与实现[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):107-112.[CHEN Y Y,LI D L.Design and implementation of web-based decision support system for land reclamation in abandoned coal mine land.Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(4):107-112.]
[3]丁宁,金晓斌,汤小橹,等.生态位适宜度变权法在高速铁路临时性用地复垦适宜性评价中的应用--以京沪高铁常州段典型制梁场为例[J].资源科学,2010,32(12):2349-2355.[DING N,JIN X B,TANG X L,et al.An application of the variable weight method based on ecological niche-fitness to reclamation suitability evaluation for land temporarily used for high-speed railway construction:A case study in Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway Changzhou section.Resources Science,2010,32(12):2349-2355.]
[4]陈龙乾,郭达志,许善宽,等.兖州矿区采煤塌陷地状况与综合治理途径研究[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(4):504-508.[CHEN L Q,GUO D Z,XU S K,et al.A study on state and comprehensive control ways of subsided land of Yanzhou coal mining area in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2002,17(4):504-508.]
[5]鲁莎莎,刘彦随.106国道沿线样带区农村空心化土地整治潜力研究[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(4):537-549.[LUS S,LIU Y S.Rural land consolidation potential of typical transect along No.106 state road.Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(4):537-549.]
[6]窦洪桥,金晓斌,汤小橹,等.工程建设项目临时用地定额指标初探--以高速铁路制梁场为例[J].中国土地科学,2010,24(9):57-63.[DOU H Q,JIN X B,TANG X L,et al.Preliminary study on quota indices selection and quantification for controlling the temporary construction land use:A case study on beam fabricating yards of high-speed railway.China Land Science,2010,24(9):57-63.]
[7]张秋玲,李保莲,李东敏,等.基于层次分析法的矿区待复垦土地适宜性评价[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(5):102-104.[ZHANG Q L,LI B L,LI D M,et al.Evaluation on suitability of needed reclaiming land in Xinhe Mining area by AHP.Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(5):102-104.]
[8]田小松,周春蓉,郑杰炳,等.基于指数和法的气矿临时用地复垦适宜性评价研究[J].环境工程,2014,32(S1):856-859.[TIAN X S,ZHOU C R,ZHENG J B,et al.Research on suitability evalution of the gas temporary land based on the index method.Environmental Engineering,2014,32(S1):856-859.]
[9]豆飞飞,李萍,朱嘉伟.永城市陈四楼煤矿土地复垦适宜性评价研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(17):192-197.[DOU F F,LI P,ZHU J W.Research on suitability evaluation of land reclamation of the Chensilou coal mine in Yongcheng.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(17):192-197.]
[10]钱铭杰,吴静,袁春,等.矿区废弃地复垦为农用地潜力评价方法的比较[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):195-204.[QIAN M J,WU J,YUAN C,et al.Comparison for evaluate methods of potentiality for agricultural land reclamation from waste land in mining area.Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(6):195-204.]
[11]崔艳,白中科,张继栋,等.露天矿区农用地复垦适宜性评价的方法与应用[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(S1):181-184.[CUI Y,BAI Z K,ZHANG J D,et al.Methods and application of agricultural land suitability evaluation in opencast mining area.Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(S1):181-184.]
[12]于婧,聂艳,周勇,等.生态位适宜度方法在基于GIS的耕地多宜性评价中的应用[J].土壤学报,2006,43(2):190-196.[YU J,NIE Y,ZHOU Y,et al.Niche-fitness theory and its application to GIS-based multi-suitability evaluation of cultivated land.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,43(2):190-196.]
[13]LI W L,LI Z Z,LI W D.Effect of the niche-fitness at different water supply and fertilization on yield of spring wheat in farmland of semi-arid areas[J].Agricultural Water Management,2004,67(1):1-13.
[14]蒙莉娜,郑新奇,赵璐,等.基于生态位适宜度模型的土地利用功能分区[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):282-287.[MENG L N,ZHENG X Q,ZHAO L,et al.Land-use functional regionalization based on niche-fitness model.Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(3):282-287.]
[15]欧阳志云,王如松,符贵南.生态位适宜度模型及其在土地利用适宜性评价中的应用[J].生态学报,1996,63(2):113-120.[OUYANG Z Y,WANG R S,FU G N.Ecological niche suitability model and its application in land suitability assessment.Acta Ecologica Sinica,1996,63(2):113-120.]
[16]钱辉,张大亮.基于生态位的企业演化机理探析[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006,36(2):20-26.[QIAN H,ZHANG D L.On organization evolution mechanics basing on organization niche.Journal of Zhejiang University(Humanities and Social Sciences),2006,36(2):20-26.]
[17]姚岚,吴次芳,吕添贵,等.基于三角模型的喀斯特地区土地利用系统健康评价[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):246-254.[YAO L,WU C F,LüT G,et al.Health assessment of land use system on karst region based on triangle model.Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(14):246-254.]
[18]祝培甜,赵中秋,陈勇,等.基于三角模型的土地生态安全动态评价--以西安市为例[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):244-248.[ZHU P T,ZHAO Z Q,CHEN Y,et al.Dynamic assessment of land ecologic safety based on triangle model:A case study of Xi’an city.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(1):244-248.]
[19]赵艳,濮励杰,张健,等.基于三角模型的城市土地可持续利用评价--以江苏省无锡市为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(5):810-815.[ZHAO Y,PU L J,ZHANG J,et al.Triangle model evaluation of urbanland sustainable use:A case study of Wuxi,Jiangsu.Economic Geography,2011,31(5):810-815.]
[20]刘慧芳,刘友兆,毕如田,等.基于用地竞争的矿业废弃地再利用用地类型判定[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(10):258-266.[LIU H F,LIU Y Z,BI R T,et al.Reuse type judgment of mining wasteland based on land use competitiveness.Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(10):258-266.]
[21]陈百明.土地资源学概论[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999:75-156.[CHEN B M.Introduction to Land Resources Science.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1999:75-156.]
[22]苏壁耀.土地资源学[M].南京:江苏教育出版社,1994:42-81.[SU B Y.Land Resource Science.Nanjing:Jiangsu Education Press,1994:42-81.]
[23]郭青霞,吉谦,王改玲,等.安太堡露天煤矿复垦土地适宜性评价研究[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,22(2):82-86.[GUO Q X,JI Q,WANG G L,et al.Suitability evaluation of the reclaimed land in Antaibao opencast coal mine.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2002,22(2):82-86.]
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[25]SHAO J A,ZHANG S C,LI X B,et al.Farmland marginalization in the mountainous areas:Characteristics,influencing factors and policy implications[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(6):701-722.
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