毛白杨大、小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程的相关性
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摘要
【目的】对毛白杨大、小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程的相关性进行研究,为毛白杨多倍体诱导提供细胞学理论基础与技术支持。【方法】2014-01采集毛白杨雌、雄花枝于温室水培,自水培46h开始每隔2~3h取雌、雄花芽样品,采用石蜡切片和醋酸洋红压片技术对毛白杨大、小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程及其对应关系进行观察研究。【结果】毛白杨小孢子母细胞在水培52h开始减数分裂,发育到双核花粉粒共历时约10d;大孢子母细胞在水培118h开始减数分裂,发育至二核胚囊期共历时约13d。毛白杨大、小孢子母细胞减数分裂的进程以及与雌、雄花芽外部形态的变化之间均存在一定的相关性,在水培118h毛白杨大孢子母细胞开始减数分裂进入细线期时,其小孢子母细胞减数分裂至四分体时期,此时雌花序微微露出芽鳞,雄花序1/4以上伸出芽鳞,花药呈块状微红色;在水培144h大孢子母细胞减数分裂发育到粗线期时,其小孢子母细胞大多已发育至单核期,此时雌花序1/5伸出芽鳞,雄花序1/3以上伸出芽鳞,花药呈块状浅红色;在水培237h大孢子母细胞减数分裂发育到中期Ⅰ时,其小孢子母细胞已发育至双核期,此时雌花序1/3伸出芽鳞,雄花序1/2以上伸出芽鳞,花药呈块状红色。【结论】根据大、小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程的时序相关性,通过观察相同培养条件下小孢子母细胞减数分裂的时期,可即时判别大孢子母细胞的减数分裂进程;还可从花芽长度、花药颜色等来估计大、小孢子母细胞减数分裂所处的时期。
【Objective】This study investigated the correlations in meiotic process of Populus tomentosa Carr.megasporocytes and microsporocytes to provide cytological basis and technical support for polyploid hybrid breeding.【Method】Flowering branches of P.tomentosa Carr.planted in water in greenhouse were collected and flower buds were picked every two to three hours after being cultured in water for 46 hours.The mother cell meiosis stages and their corresponding relations between megasporocytes and microsporocytes of P.tomentosa Carr.were studied using paraffin section method and acetic carmine squash technique.【Result】After being cultured in water for 52 hours,microspore mother cells of P.tomentosa Carr.started meiosis and it took 10 days for them to develop into binucleate pollen grains.Megaspore mother cells began meiosis after 118 hours and binucleate embryo sacs formed after 13 days.The meiosis stages and flower bud morphologies of megaspores and microspores closely related.After 118 hours in water,the meiosis of mega-spore mother cells entered leptotene,while that of microspore mother cells developed into tetrads.Little female catkin and more than 1/4of male catkin appeared and anthers appeared patches of slight redness.The meiosis of most megaspore mother cells developed into pachytene after 144 hours,and microspores developed into mononuclear.At the same time,1/5of female catkin and more than 1/3of male catkin extended and patches of pale redness appeared on anthers.When the meiosis of megasporocytes entered metaphaseⅠafter 237 hours in water,the microsporocytes developed into binucleate.Meantime,1/3of female catkin and more than 1/2of male catkin extended and anthers had red patches.【Conclusion】According to the relationship of female and male gametes,the meiosis stages of megasporocytes could be discriminated timely through observing the meiosis of microsporocytes under the same culture circumstances.In addition,the meiosis stages of P.tomentosa Carr.megasporocytes and microsporocytes could be estimated based on flower bud morphology such as the length of the flower buds and the color of anther.
【Objective】This study investigated the correlations in meiotic process of Populus tomentosa Carr.megasporocytes and microsporocytes to provide cytological basis and technical support for polyploid hybrid breeding.【Method】Flowering branches of P.tomentosa Carr.planted in water in greenhouse were collected and flower buds were picked every two to three hours after being cultured in water for 46 hours.The mother cell meiosis stages and their corresponding relations between megasporocytes and microsporocytes of P.tomentosa Carr.were studied using paraffin section method and acetic carmine squash technique.【Result】After being cultured in water for 52 hours,microspore mother cells of P.tomentosa Carr.started meiosis and it took 10 days for them to develop into binucleate pollen grains.Megaspore mother cells began meiosis after 118 hours and binucleate embryo sacs formed after 13 days.The meiosis stages and flower bud morphologies of megaspores and microspores closely related.After 118 hours in water,the meiosis of mega-spore mother cells entered leptotene,while that of microspore mother cells developed into tetrads.Little female catkin and more than 1/4of male catkin appeared and anthers appeared patches of slight redness.The meiosis of most megaspore mother cells developed into pachytene after 144 hours,and microspores developed into mononuclear.At the same time,1/5of female catkin and more than 1/3of male catkin extended and patches of pale redness appeared on anthers.When the meiosis of megasporocytes entered metaphaseⅠafter 237 hours in water,the microsporocytes developed into binucleate.Meantime,1/3of female catkin and more than 1/2of male catkin extended and anthers had red patches.【Conclusion】According to the relationship of female and male gametes,the meiosis stages of megasporocytes could be discriminated timely through observing the meiosis of microsporocytes under the same culture circumstances.In addition,the meiosis stages of P.tomentosa Carr.megasporocytes and microsporocytes could be estimated based on flower bud morphology such as the length of the flower buds and the color of anther.
引文
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[8]王君,康向阳,李代丽,等.通辽杨花粉母细胞减数分裂及其染色体行为研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(11):2231-2238.Wang J,Kang X Y,Li D L,et al.Meiosis and chromosome behavior of pollen mother cell in Populus simonii Carr.×P.nigra L.‘Tongliao’[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2006,26(11):2231-2238.(in Chinese)
[9]许重阳,王君,叶粟,等.白杨杂种三倍体小孢子母细胞减数分裂及花粉形态观察[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(12):2454-2458.Xu C Y,Wang J,Ye S,et al.Meiosis of microsporocyte and variation of pollen in an allotriploid white poplar[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(12):2454-2458.(in Chinese)
[10]李静.山杨三倍体诱导技术研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.Li J.The study on triploid inducing technology of Populus davidiana Dode.[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2014.(in Chinese)
[11]李艳华,马洁,康向阳.白杨大孢子母细胞减数分裂进程及其及时判别[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(2):70-74.Li Y H,Ma J,Kang X Y.Stages of MMC meiosis and its timely discrimination of white poplars[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2005,27(2):70-74.(in Chinese)
[12]侯延侠,康向阳.响叶杨大、小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程及其对应关系[J].西北植物学报,2006,21(1):46-49.Hou Y X,Kang X Y.Meiosis stages and their corresponding relation of Populus adenopoda megasporocytes and microsporocytes[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2006,21(1):46-49.(in Chinese)
[2]陈成彬,齐力旺,张守攻,等.三倍体杨树核型分析[J].武汉植物学研究,2004,22(6):565-567.Chen C B,Qi L W,Zhang S G,et al.The karyptype analysis of triploid poplar[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2004,22(6):565-567.(in Chinese)
[3]Zhang S G,Qi L W,Han S Y,et al.A report of triploid Populus of the section Aigeiros[J].Silvae Genetica,2004,53(2):69-75.
[4]康向阳,朱之悌.白杨2n花粉生命力测定方法及萌发特征的研究[J].云南植物研究,1997,19(4):402-406.Kang X Y,Zhu Z T.A study on the 2npollen vitality and germinant characteristics of white populars[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1997,19(4):402-406.(in Chinese)
[5]康向阳.林木多倍体育种研究进展[J].北京林业大学学报,2003,25(4):70-74.Kang X Y.Advances in researches on polyploid breeding of forest trees[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2003,25(4):70-74.(in Chinese)
[6]康向阳,王君.杨树多倍体诱导技术研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:7-8.Kang X Y,Wang J.The study on polyploidy induction technology of Poplar[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:7-8.(in Chinese)
[7]鲁敏,王君,王旭军,等.响叶杨小孢子母细胞减数分裂及染色体行为的研究[J].植物科学学报,2011,29(2):171-177.Lu M,Wang J,Wang X J,et al.Meiosis and chromosome behavior of microsporocytes in Populus adenopoda Maxim[J].Plant Science Journal,2011,29(2):171-177.(in Chinese)
[8]王君,康向阳,李代丽,等.通辽杨花粉母细胞减数分裂及其染色体行为研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(11):2231-2238.Wang J,Kang X Y,Li D L,et al.Meiosis and chromosome behavior of pollen mother cell in Populus simonii Carr.×P.nigra L.‘Tongliao’[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2006,26(11):2231-2238.(in Chinese)
[9]许重阳,王君,叶粟,等.白杨杂种三倍体小孢子母细胞减数分裂及花粉形态观察[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(12):2454-2458.Xu C Y,Wang J,Ye S,et al.Meiosis of microsporocyte and variation of pollen in an allotriploid white poplar[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(12):2454-2458.(in Chinese)
[10]李静.山杨三倍体诱导技术研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.Li J.The study on triploid inducing technology of Populus davidiana Dode.[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2014.(in Chinese)
[11]李艳华,马洁,康向阳.白杨大孢子母细胞减数分裂进程及其及时判别[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(2):70-74.Li Y H,Ma J,Kang X Y.Stages of MMC meiosis and its timely discrimination of white poplars[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2005,27(2):70-74.(in Chinese)
[12]侯延侠,康向阳.响叶杨大、小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程及其对应关系[J].西北植物学报,2006,21(1):46-49.Hou Y X,Kang X Y.Meiosis stages and their corresponding relation of Populus adenopoda megasporocytes and microsporocytes[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2006,21(1):46-49.(in Chinese)