SMBBR工艺处理生活污水脱氮效能及其微生物多样性
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摘要
微生物是生物膜法处理技术的核心,微生物多样性的研究对于生物膜法去除污染物的机理探讨具有重要意义.采用特异性流化床生物膜反应器(Special Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor,SMBBR)处理城市生活用水,并利用IlluminaHiSeq高通量测序技术对各反应器的微生物分布以及菌群与环境因子的相关性进行研究.结果显示,在水温20-30℃、上清液回流比为150%、DO为4 mg/L、水力停留时间为18 h的条件下,SMBBR对氨氮的去除率高达96.7%;SMBBR的好氧反应器和厌氧反应器的生物膜微生物种群结构组成存在不同,但优势微生物种群均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes).在属的水平检测到好氧反硝化菌红细菌(Rhodobacter)、陶厄氏菌属(Thauera),以及氨氧化细菌(Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonadales)等.另外,DO是影响微生物群落结构最显著的环境因子.本研究表明环境因子会影响微生物群落替演,好氧反硝化以及氨氧化反应可能是SMBBR工艺中重要的脱氮机制.
Microorganisms exist at the core of the biofilm treatment technology; therefore, the study of microbial diversity is of great significance to understand the mechanism of removing pollutants by using the biofilm treatment method. In this study, a special moving-bed biofilm reactor(SMBBR) was used to treat urban domestic sewage, and the Illumina HiSeq highthroughput sequencing technology was used to study the microorganism distribution and correlation between microflora and environmental factors in each reactor. The results showed under the conditions that water temperature was 20–30 ℃, the reflux ratio of liquid supernatant was 150%, dissolved oxygen(DO) was 4 mg/L, the hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 18 h, the removal rates of ammonia and nitrogen by SMBBR were as high as 96.7%; the structures of biofilm microbial populations in aerobic and anaerobic reactors of SMBBR were different, but the dominant microbial populations were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. At the genus level, the aerobic anti-nitrifying bacteria Rhodobacter, Thauera, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonadales were detected. In addition, DO was the most significant environmental factor affecting the structure of microflora. The results showed that environmental factors affected microbial community substitution; aerobic denitrification and ammoxidation were likely important denitrification mechanisms in SMBBR.
Microorganisms exist at the core of the biofilm treatment technology; therefore, the study of microbial diversity is of great significance to understand the mechanism of removing pollutants by using the biofilm treatment method. In this study, a special moving-bed biofilm reactor(SMBBR) was used to treat urban domestic sewage, and the Illumina HiSeq highthroughput sequencing technology was used to study the microorganism distribution and correlation between microflora and environmental factors in each reactor. The results showed under the conditions that water temperature was 20–30 ℃, the reflux ratio of liquid supernatant was 150%, dissolved oxygen(DO) was 4 mg/L, the hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 18 h, the removal rates of ammonia and nitrogen by SMBBR were as high as 96.7%; the structures of biofilm microbial populations in aerobic and anaerobic reactors of SMBBR were different, but the dominant microbial populations were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. At the genus level, the aerobic anti-nitrifying bacteria Rhodobacter, Thauera, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonadales were detected. In addition, DO was the most significant environmental factor affecting the structure of microflora. The results showed that environmental factors affected microbial community substitution; aerobic denitrification and ammoxidation were likely important denitrification mechanisms in SMBBR.
引文
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2宋浩亮.MBBR工艺研究及应用现状[J].广东化工,2017,44(11):122-123[Song HL. Study and application of the moving bed biofilm reactor[J].Guangdong Chem Ind, 2017, 44(11):122-123]
3 Shen ZQ, Zhou YZ, Hu J, Wang JL. Denitrification performance and microbial diversity in a packed-bed bioreactor using biodegradable polymer as carbon source and biofilm support[J]. Journ Haz Mat, 2013,250:431-438
4 Aslan S, Turkman A. Biological denitrification of drinking water using various natural organic solid substrates[J]. Water Sci Technol, 2003, 48:489-495
5 Robinson-Lora MA, Brennan RA. The use of crab-shell chitin for biological denitrification:batch and column tests[J]. Bioresour Technol,2009, 100:534-541
6 Aslan S, Turkman A. Combined biological removal of nitrate and pesticides using wheat straw as substrates[J]. Process Biochem, 2005,40:935-943
7 Soares MIM, Abeliovich A. Wheat straw as substrate for water denitrification[J]. Water Res, 1998, 32:3790-3794
8 Volokita M, Abeliovich A, Soares MIM. Denitrification of groundwater using cotton as energy source[J]. Water Sci Technol, 1996, 34:379-385
9 Volokita M, Belkin S, Abeliovich A, Soares MIM. Biological denitrification of drinking water using newspaper[J]. Water Res, 1996,30:965-971
10中丹康灵(北京)生物技术有限公司.生物膜填料:中国,201330132291.6[P]. 2013-12-04[Sino-Danske Cloning(Beijing)Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Biofilm Filler:China, 201330132291.6[P]. 2013-12-04]
11唐若凯,肖作义,杨文焕,肖明慧,范荣华,李卫平,敬双怡,康文庆.多级SMBBR工艺处理低C/N比城市污水中试研究[J].应用化工,2017, 46(9):1728-1732[Tang RK, Xiao ZY, Yang WH, Xiao MH, Fan RH, Li WP, Jing SY, Kang WQ. Biological nutrient removal in multi-SMBBR process when treating low C/N ratio municipal wastewater[J].App Chem Ind, 2017, 46(9):1728-1732]
12于玲红,隋秀斌,杨文焕,张敬朝,朱浩君,李卫平,张瑞.AMBBR/SMBBR与A/O工艺处理石油发酵工业废水的对比研究[J].现代化工,2017, 37(3):179-184[Yu LH,Sui XB,Yang WH,Zhang JZ,Zhu HJ, Li WP, Zhang R. A comparative study on treatment of petroleum fermentation industrial wastewater by AMBBR/SMBBR and A/O process[J]. Modern Chem Ind, 2017, 37(3):179-184]
13李海洋.A/MBBR组合工艺处理DOP和高纯溶剂生产废水的中试研究[D].包头:内蒙古科技大学,2017[Li HY. Pilot-Scale study on A/SMBBR combined process for the treatment of DOP and high purity solvent production wastewater[D]. Baotou:Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 2017]
14 Ju F, Zhang T. 16S r RNA gene high-throughput sequencing data mining of microbial diversity and interactions[J]. App Microbial Biotechnol,2015, 99(10):4119-4129
15王绍祥,杨洲祥,孙真,刘燕,汪成伟,荆毓航.高通量测序技术在水环境微生物群落多样性中的研究[J].化学通报,2014, 77(3):196-203[Wang SX, Yang ZX, Sun Z, Wang CW, Jing YH. Application of high throughput sequencing in the diversity of water microbial communities[J]. Chemistry, 2014, 77(3):196-203]
16曹雁,王桐屿,秦玉洁,韩彬,任君怡.厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能及细菌群落多样性分析[J].环境科学,2017, 38(4):1544-1550[Cao Y,Wang TY, Qin YJ, Han B, Ren JY. Nitrogen removal characteristics and diversity of microbial community in ANAMMOX reactor[J]. Environ Sci, 2017,38(4):1544-1550]
17陈重军,张海芹,汪瑶琪,喻徐良,王建芳,沈耀良.基于高通量测序的ABR厌氧氨氧化反应器各隔室细菌群落特征分析[J].环境科学,2016, 37(7):2652-2658[Chen CJ,Zhang HQ,Wang YQ,Yu XL,Wang JF, Shen YL. Characteristics of microbial community in each compartment of ABR ANAMMOX reactor based on high-throughput sequencing[J]. Environ Sci, 2016, 37(7):2652-2658]
18杨帅,杨凤林,付志敏.移动床膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化特性[J].环境科学,2009, 30(3):803-808[Yang S,Yang FL,Fu ZM.Characteristics of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in moving bed membrane bioreactor[J]. Environ Sci, 2009, 30(3):803-808]
19 Chu LB, Wang JL. Denitrification performance and biofilm characteristics using biodegradable polymers PCL as carriers and carbon source[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 91:1310-1316
20高晨晨,郑兴灿,游佳,陈轶,范波,张文安,孙永利.城市污水脱氮除磷系统的活性污泥菌群结构特征[J].中国给水排水,2015, 31(23):37-42[Gao CC, Zheng XC, You J, Chen Y, Fan B, Zhang WA, Sun YL.Structure characteristics of activated sludge microbial communities in nitrogen and phosphorus removal system of municipal wastewater[J].China Water Waste, 2015, 31(23):37-42]
21 Nguyen HTT, Le VQ, Hansen AA, Niellsen JL, Nielsen PH. High diversity and abundance of putative polyphosphate-accumulating Testrasphaera-related bacteria in activated sludge systems[J]. FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 2011, 76(2):256-267
22 Janssen PH, Evers S, Rainey FA, Weiss N, Ludwig W,Harfoot CG,Schink B. Lactosphaera gen nov, a new genus of lactic acid bacteria,and transfer of Ruminococcus pasteurii Schink 1984 to Lactosphaera pasteurii comb nov[J]. Int J Sys Bacteriol, 1995, 45(3):565-571
23 Sly LI, Taghavi M, Fegan M. Phylogenetic heterogeneity within the genus Herpetosiphon:transfer of the marine species Herpetosiphon cohaerens, Herpetosiphon nigricans and Herpetosiphon persicus to the genus Lewinella gen, nov. in the Flexibacter-Bacteroides-Cytophaga phylum[J]. IntJSys Bacteriol, 1998, 48(3):731-737
24徐立杰,郭春艳,彭永臻,袁志国.强化生物除磷系统的微生物学及生化特性研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(3):427-434[Xu LJ, Guo CY, Peng YZ, Yuan ZG. Review on the microbiological and biochemical characteristics of enhanced biological phosphorus removal system[J]. China Appl Environ Biol, 2011,17(3):427-434]
25 Xiao Y,Zeng GM,Yang ZH,Liu SY,Ma YH,Yang L,Wang RJ,Xu ZY. Coexistence of nitrifiers,denitrifiers and Anammox bacteria in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor as revealed by PCR-DGGE[J]. J Appl Microbiol, 2009, 106(2):496-505
26刘慧玲,张红莲,李细钊.光合细菌I的分离及其对水体中亚硝酸盐降解的研究[J].水产科学,2005, 24(6):32-33[Liu HL, Zhang HL,Li XZ. Degradation of nitrite by photosynthetic bacterium-I(PSB-I)isolated from shrimp culture ponds[J]. Fish Sci, 2005, 24(6):32-33]
27 Mergaert J,Boley A,Cnockaert MC,Muller WR,Swing J. Identity and potential functions of heterotrophic bacterial isolates from a continuous up flow fixed-bed reactor for denitrification of drinking water with bacterial polyester as source of carbon and electron donor[J]. Syst Appl Microbiol, 2001, 24(2):303-310
28张楠,初里冰,丁鹏元,王星,杨琦,王建龙.A/O生物膜法强化处理石化废水及生物膜种群结构研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):80-86[Zhang N, Chu LB, Ding PY, Wang X,Yang Q, Wang JL. Enhanced treatment of petrochemical wastewater by using A/O biofilm reactor and analysis of biofilm community[J]. China Environ Sci, 2015, 35(1):80-86]
29肖可可,周律,贺北平,钱亮,万硕,曲利平,黄东辉.城市污水A2/O移动床生物膜工艺菌群结构分析[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(9):20-29[Xiao KK,Zhou L,He BP,Qian L,Wan S,Qu LP,Huang DH. Analysis of microbial community structure in A2/O-MBBR system for treatment of municipal wastewater[J]. China Water Was, 2016, 32(9):20-29]
30柯娜,肖昌松,应启锋,纪树兰.一个可降解直链烷基苯磺酸盐的新种[J].微生物学报,2003, 43(1):1-7[Zheng LX, Xiao CS,Ying QF,Ji SL. A new species of the genus Phenylobacterium for the degradation of LAS[J]. Acta Microbiol Sin, 2003, 43(1):1-7]
31郑林雪,李军,胡家玮,侯爱月,卞伟,郑照明.同步硝化反硝化系统中反硝化细菌多样性研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):116-121[Zheng LX, Li J, Hu JW, Hou AY, Bian W, Zheng ZM. Analysis of denitrifying bacteria community composition in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification systems[J]. China Environ Sci, 2015, 35(1):116-121]
32 Militon C, Hamdi O, Michotey V, Fardeau ML, Ollivier B, Bouallagui H, Hamdi M, Bonin Patricia. Ecological significance of Synergistetes in the biological treatment of tuna cooking wastewater by an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor[J]. Environ Sci Poll Res, 2015, 22(22):18230-18238
33 Godon JJ, Moriniere J, Moletta M, Gaillac M, Bru V, Delgenes JP.Rarity associated with specific ecological niches in the bacterial world:the'Synergistes'example[J]. Environ Microbiol, 2005, 7(2):213-224
34张海耿,宋红桥,顾川川,单建军,张宇雷,倪琦.基于高通量测序的流化床生物滤器细菌群落结构分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(8):3330-3338[Zhang HG, Song HQ, Gu CC, Shan JJ, Zhang YL, Ni Q. Analysis of microbial diversity in a fluidized-sand biofilter based on highthroughput sequencing technology[J]. Environ Sci, 2017, 38(8):3330-3338]
35 Algina J, Keselman HJ. Comparing squared multiple correlation coefficients:examination of a confidence interval and a test significance[J]. Psychol Meth, 1999, 4(1):76-83
36李志兵,庞志华.环境因子对微生物及废水处理效果的影响[J].江苏环境科技,2007, 20(1):3-11[Li ZB,Pang ZH. Influence of environmental factor on microorganism and the effect of wastewater treatment[J]. Jiangsu Environ Sci Technol, 2007, 20(1):3-11]
2宋浩亮.MBBR工艺研究及应用现状[J].广东化工,2017,44(11):122-123[Song HL. Study and application of the moving bed biofilm reactor[J].Guangdong Chem Ind, 2017, 44(11):122-123]
3 Shen ZQ, Zhou YZ, Hu J, Wang JL. Denitrification performance and microbial diversity in a packed-bed bioreactor using biodegradable polymer as carbon source and biofilm support[J]. Journ Haz Mat, 2013,250:431-438
4 Aslan S, Turkman A. Biological denitrification of drinking water using various natural organic solid substrates[J]. Water Sci Technol, 2003, 48:489-495
5 Robinson-Lora MA, Brennan RA. The use of crab-shell chitin for biological denitrification:batch and column tests[J]. Bioresour Technol,2009, 100:534-541
6 Aslan S, Turkman A. Combined biological removal of nitrate and pesticides using wheat straw as substrates[J]. Process Biochem, 2005,40:935-943
7 Soares MIM, Abeliovich A. Wheat straw as substrate for water denitrification[J]. Water Res, 1998, 32:3790-3794
8 Volokita M, Abeliovich A, Soares MIM. Denitrification of groundwater using cotton as energy source[J]. Water Sci Technol, 1996, 34:379-385
9 Volokita M, Belkin S, Abeliovich A, Soares MIM. Biological denitrification of drinking water using newspaper[J]. Water Res, 1996,30:965-971
10中丹康灵(北京)生物技术有限公司.生物膜填料:中国,201330132291.6[P]. 2013-12-04[Sino-Danske Cloning(Beijing)Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Biofilm Filler:China, 201330132291.6[P]. 2013-12-04]
11唐若凯,肖作义,杨文焕,肖明慧,范荣华,李卫平,敬双怡,康文庆.多级SMBBR工艺处理低C/N比城市污水中试研究[J].应用化工,2017, 46(9):1728-1732[Tang RK, Xiao ZY, Yang WH, Xiao MH, Fan RH, Li WP, Jing SY, Kang WQ. Biological nutrient removal in multi-SMBBR process when treating low C/N ratio municipal wastewater[J].App Chem Ind, 2017, 46(9):1728-1732]
12于玲红,隋秀斌,杨文焕,张敬朝,朱浩君,李卫平,张瑞.AMBBR/SMBBR与A/O工艺处理石油发酵工业废水的对比研究[J].现代化工,2017, 37(3):179-184[Yu LH,Sui XB,Yang WH,Zhang JZ,Zhu HJ, Li WP, Zhang R. A comparative study on treatment of petroleum fermentation industrial wastewater by AMBBR/SMBBR and A/O process[J]. Modern Chem Ind, 2017, 37(3):179-184]
13李海洋.A/MBBR组合工艺处理DOP和高纯溶剂生产废水的中试研究[D].包头:内蒙古科技大学,2017[Li HY. Pilot-Scale study on A/SMBBR combined process for the treatment of DOP and high purity solvent production wastewater[D]. Baotou:Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 2017]
14 Ju F, Zhang T. 16S r RNA gene high-throughput sequencing data mining of microbial diversity and interactions[J]. App Microbial Biotechnol,2015, 99(10):4119-4129
15王绍祥,杨洲祥,孙真,刘燕,汪成伟,荆毓航.高通量测序技术在水环境微生物群落多样性中的研究[J].化学通报,2014, 77(3):196-203[Wang SX, Yang ZX, Sun Z, Wang CW, Jing YH. Application of high throughput sequencing in the diversity of water microbial communities[J]. Chemistry, 2014, 77(3):196-203]
16曹雁,王桐屿,秦玉洁,韩彬,任君怡.厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能及细菌群落多样性分析[J].环境科学,2017, 38(4):1544-1550[Cao Y,Wang TY, Qin YJ, Han B, Ren JY. Nitrogen removal characteristics and diversity of microbial community in ANAMMOX reactor[J]. Environ Sci, 2017,38(4):1544-1550]
17陈重军,张海芹,汪瑶琪,喻徐良,王建芳,沈耀良.基于高通量测序的ABR厌氧氨氧化反应器各隔室细菌群落特征分析[J].环境科学,2016, 37(7):2652-2658[Chen CJ,Zhang HQ,Wang YQ,Yu XL,Wang JF, Shen YL. Characteristics of microbial community in each compartment of ABR ANAMMOX reactor based on high-throughput sequencing[J]. Environ Sci, 2016, 37(7):2652-2658]
18杨帅,杨凤林,付志敏.移动床膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化特性[J].环境科学,2009, 30(3):803-808[Yang S,Yang FL,Fu ZM.Characteristics of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in moving bed membrane bioreactor[J]. Environ Sci, 2009, 30(3):803-808]
19 Chu LB, Wang JL. Denitrification performance and biofilm characteristics using biodegradable polymers PCL as carriers and carbon source[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 91:1310-1316
20高晨晨,郑兴灿,游佳,陈轶,范波,张文安,孙永利.城市污水脱氮除磷系统的活性污泥菌群结构特征[J].中国给水排水,2015, 31(23):37-42[Gao CC, Zheng XC, You J, Chen Y, Fan B, Zhang WA, Sun YL.Structure characteristics of activated sludge microbial communities in nitrogen and phosphorus removal system of municipal wastewater[J].China Water Waste, 2015, 31(23):37-42]
21 Nguyen HTT, Le VQ, Hansen AA, Niellsen JL, Nielsen PH. High diversity and abundance of putative polyphosphate-accumulating Testrasphaera-related bacteria in activated sludge systems[J]. FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 2011, 76(2):256-267
22 Janssen PH, Evers S, Rainey FA, Weiss N, Ludwig W,Harfoot CG,Schink B. Lactosphaera gen nov, a new genus of lactic acid bacteria,and transfer of Ruminococcus pasteurii Schink 1984 to Lactosphaera pasteurii comb nov[J]. Int J Sys Bacteriol, 1995, 45(3):565-571
23 Sly LI, Taghavi M, Fegan M. Phylogenetic heterogeneity within the genus Herpetosiphon:transfer of the marine species Herpetosiphon cohaerens, Herpetosiphon nigricans and Herpetosiphon persicus to the genus Lewinella gen, nov. in the Flexibacter-Bacteroides-Cytophaga phylum[J]. IntJSys Bacteriol, 1998, 48(3):731-737
24徐立杰,郭春艳,彭永臻,袁志国.强化生物除磷系统的微生物学及生化特性研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(3):427-434[Xu LJ, Guo CY, Peng YZ, Yuan ZG. Review on the microbiological and biochemical characteristics of enhanced biological phosphorus removal system[J]. China Appl Environ Biol, 2011,17(3):427-434]
25 Xiao Y,Zeng GM,Yang ZH,Liu SY,Ma YH,Yang L,Wang RJ,Xu ZY. Coexistence of nitrifiers,denitrifiers and Anammox bacteria in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor as revealed by PCR-DGGE[J]. J Appl Microbiol, 2009, 106(2):496-505
26刘慧玲,张红莲,李细钊.光合细菌I的分离及其对水体中亚硝酸盐降解的研究[J].水产科学,2005, 24(6):32-33[Liu HL, Zhang HL,Li XZ. Degradation of nitrite by photosynthetic bacterium-I(PSB-I)isolated from shrimp culture ponds[J]. Fish Sci, 2005, 24(6):32-33]
27 Mergaert J,Boley A,Cnockaert MC,Muller WR,Swing J. Identity and potential functions of heterotrophic bacterial isolates from a continuous up flow fixed-bed reactor for denitrification of drinking water with bacterial polyester as source of carbon and electron donor[J]. Syst Appl Microbiol, 2001, 24(2):303-310
28张楠,初里冰,丁鹏元,王星,杨琦,王建龙.A/O生物膜法强化处理石化废水及生物膜种群结构研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):80-86[Zhang N, Chu LB, Ding PY, Wang X,Yang Q, Wang JL. Enhanced treatment of petrochemical wastewater by using A/O biofilm reactor and analysis of biofilm community[J]. China Environ Sci, 2015, 35(1):80-86]
29肖可可,周律,贺北平,钱亮,万硕,曲利平,黄东辉.城市污水A2/O移动床生物膜工艺菌群结构分析[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(9):20-29[Xiao KK,Zhou L,He BP,Qian L,Wan S,Qu LP,Huang DH. Analysis of microbial community structure in A2/O-MBBR system for treatment of municipal wastewater[J]. China Water Was, 2016, 32(9):20-29]
30柯娜,肖昌松,应启锋,纪树兰.一个可降解直链烷基苯磺酸盐的新种[J].微生物学报,2003, 43(1):1-7[Zheng LX, Xiao CS,Ying QF,Ji SL. A new species of the genus Phenylobacterium for the degradation of LAS[J]. Acta Microbiol Sin, 2003, 43(1):1-7]
31郑林雪,李军,胡家玮,侯爱月,卞伟,郑照明.同步硝化反硝化系统中反硝化细菌多样性研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):116-121[Zheng LX, Li J, Hu JW, Hou AY, Bian W, Zheng ZM. Analysis of denitrifying bacteria community composition in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification systems[J]. China Environ Sci, 2015, 35(1):116-121]
32 Militon C, Hamdi O, Michotey V, Fardeau ML, Ollivier B, Bouallagui H, Hamdi M, Bonin Patricia. Ecological significance of Synergistetes in the biological treatment of tuna cooking wastewater by an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor[J]. Environ Sci Poll Res, 2015, 22(22):18230-18238
33 Godon JJ, Moriniere J, Moletta M, Gaillac M, Bru V, Delgenes JP.Rarity associated with specific ecological niches in the bacterial world:the'Synergistes'example[J]. Environ Microbiol, 2005, 7(2):213-224
34张海耿,宋红桥,顾川川,单建军,张宇雷,倪琦.基于高通量测序的流化床生物滤器细菌群落结构分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(8):3330-3338[Zhang HG, Song HQ, Gu CC, Shan JJ, Zhang YL, Ni Q. Analysis of microbial diversity in a fluidized-sand biofilter based on highthroughput sequencing technology[J]. Environ Sci, 2017, 38(8):3330-3338]
35 Algina J, Keselman HJ. Comparing squared multiple correlation coefficients:examination of a confidence interval and a test significance[J]. Psychol Meth, 1999, 4(1):76-83
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