分簇路由算法中的多跳跳数及中继节点优化
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摘要
为了描绘和减轻无线传感器网络中的"热区"与降低路由能耗,提出了一种基于最优跳数的非均匀分簇算法UCOH(Uneven clustering routing algorithm based on optimal hops).本文首先推导了使节点直线传输数据到基站总能耗最小时的最优跳数,得到路由消耗最小的理想路径;然后,所提算法根据该理想路径形成的热区引入入簇半径调整簇规模,以平衡节点出任簇头时的簇内和路由中继能耗;最后,在保证能耗均衡的前提下,选择邻居候选簇头中较符合理想路径的节点作为下一跳中继节点,进一步降低能耗速率.仿真结果显示,针对节点密度较大的网络,本算法较DEBUC、UCDP、SNNUC算法延长了以30%节点死亡为网络失效的网络生命周期,表明算法能有效地降低节点能耗和减轻热区效应.
To portray and mitigate the "hot spots"in WSNs and reduce routing energy consumption,this paper proposed an uneven clustering routing algorithm based on optimal hops( UCOH). At first,this paper deduced the optimal hops which can minimize the energy consumption of straight line data transportation between node and base station. Then the ideal path that had lowest routing energy cost can be got by optimal hops. Secondly,the proposed algorithm modified the scale of cluster according to"hot spots"that caused by ideal path to balance cluster-heads' load. Finally,in the premise of energy balance,the algorithm chose node accorded with ideal path in candidates of cluster-head as next relay node,so the algorithm can save more energy. As shown in the simulation,compared with DEBUC、UCDP、SNNUC,the algorithm prolonged network lifetime that used 30% nodes death as network failure for high nodes density networks,which proves the algorithm is valid in decreasing energy consumption and balancing load.
To portray and mitigate the "hot spots"in WSNs and reduce routing energy consumption,this paper proposed an uneven clustering routing algorithm based on optimal hops( UCOH). At first,this paper deduced the optimal hops which can minimize the energy consumption of straight line data transportation between node and base station. Then the ideal path that had lowest routing energy cost can be got by optimal hops. Secondly,the proposed algorithm modified the scale of cluster according to"hot spots"that caused by ideal path to balance cluster-heads' load. Finally,in the premise of energy balance,the algorithm chose node accorded with ideal path in candidates of cluster-head as next relay node,so the algorithm can save more energy. As shown in the simulation,compared with DEBUC、UCDP、SNNUC,the algorithm prolonged network lifetime that used 30% nodes death as network failure for high nodes density networks,which proves the algorithm is valid in decreasing energy consumption and balancing load.
引文
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[10]Wang Zhen-qian,Zhao Ming,Wu Zheng-jiang. Self-nominated non uniform clustering routing protocol[J]. Journal of Chinese Computer Systems,2017,38(6):1181-1186.
[11]Sun Yan-qing,Peng Jian,Liu Tang,et al. Uneven clustering routing protocol based on dynamic partition for wireless sensor network[J]. Journal on Communications,2014,35(1):198-206.
[12] Wu Zheng-jiang,Zhao Ming,Deng Yi-qin. New uneven double cluster head clustering algorithm for WSN-UDCH algorithm[J].Journal of Chinese Computer Systems,2016,37(12):2612-2616.
[13]Yu Xiang,Liu Lei,Wu Kun. Optimal routing between cluster based on circular search method in WSN[J]. Telecommunications Science,2015,31(2):103-107.
[14]Wang Jin,Lee Young-koo. Determination of the optimal hop number for wireless sensor networks[C]//International Conference on Computational Science and ITS Applications,2009:408-418.
[15]Barati H,Movaghar A,Rahmani A M. EACHP:energy aware clustering hierarchy protocol for large scale wireless sensor networks[J]. Wireless Personal Communications,2015,85(3):765-789.
[16]Sun Chao,Peng Li,Tang Bo. Ring-based energy-balanced clustering routing algorithm[J]. Application Research of Computers,2018,35(6):1822-1825,1829.
[17]Banerjee S,Chowdhury C,Chattopadhyay S,et al. Two phased routing protocol incorporating distributed genetic algorithm and gradient based heuristic in clustered WSN[J]. Wireless Personal Communications,2017,97(4):5401-5425.
[2]廖福保,张文梅,李向阳,等.无线传感器网络中一种新的非均匀分簇路由协议[J].小型微型计算机系统,2015,36(6):1265-1270.
[6]李建洲,王海涛,陶安.一种能耗均衡的WSN分簇路由协议[J].传感技术学报,2013,26(3):396-401.
[8]李成法,陈贵海,叶懋,等.一种基于非均匀分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议[J].计算机学报,2007,30(1):27-36.
[9]蒋畅江,石为人,唐贤伦,等.能量均衡的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇路由协议[J].软件学报,2012,23(5):1222-1232.
[10]汪振前,赵明,武正江.自提名式非均匀分簇路由协议[J].小型微型计算机系统,2017,38(6):1181-1186.
[11]孙彦清,彭舰,刘唐,等.基于动态分区的无线传感器网络非均匀成簇路由协议[J].通信学报,2014,35(1):198-206.
[12]武正江,赵明,邓伊琴.一种新的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇双簇头算法-UDCH算法[J].小型微型计算机系统,2016,37(12):2612-2616.
[13]余翔,刘磊,吴堃.基于环形搜索的WSN簇间最优路由选择[J].电信科学,2015,31(2):103-107.
[16]孙超,彭力,唐波.基于环的能耗均衡分簇路由算法[J].计算机应用研究,2018,35(6):1822-1825,1829.
[2]Liao Fu-bao,Zhang Wen-mei,Li Xiang-yang,et al. New unequal clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. Journal of Chinese Computer System,2015,36(6):1265-1270.
[3]Kumar A,Kumar Katiyar V. Intelligent cluster routing:an energy efficient approach for routing in wireless sensor networks[J]. International Journal of Computer Applications,2015,110(5):18-22.
[4]Li Bin,Wang Wen-jie,Yin Qin-ye,et al. An energy-efficient geographic routing based on cooperative transmission in wireless sensor networks[J]. Science China Information Sciences,2013,56(7):1-10.
[5]Heinzelman W B,Chandrakasan A P,Balakrishnan H. An applicationspecific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2002,1(4):660-670.
[6]Li Jian-zhou,Wang Hai-tao,Tao An. An energy balanced clustering routing protocol for WSN[J]. Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2013,26(3):396-401.
[7]Mohemed R E,Saleh A I,Abdelrazzak M,et al. Energy-efficient routing protocols for solving energy hole problem in wireless sensor networks[J]. Computer Networks,2017,114:51-56.
[8]Li Cheng-fa,Chen Gui-hai,Ye Mao,et al. An uneven cluster based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. Chinese Journal of Computers,2007,30(1):27-36.
[9]Jiang Chang-jiang,Shi Wei-ren,Tang Xian-lun,et al. Energy-balanced unequal clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks[J]. Journal of Software,2012,23(5):1222-1232.
[10]Wang Zhen-qian,Zhao Ming,Wu Zheng-jiang. Self-nominated non uniform clustering routing protocol[J]. Journal of Chinese Computer Systems,2017,38(6):1181-1186.
[11]Sun Yan-qing,Peng Jian,Liu Tang,et al. Uneven clustering routing protocol based on dynamic partition for wireless sensor network[J]. Journal on Communications,2014,35(1):198-206.
[12] Wu Zheng-jiang,Zhao Ming,Deng Yi-qin. New uneven double cluster head clustering algorithm for WSN-UDCH algorithm[J].Journal of Chinese Computer Systems,2016,37(12):2612-2616.
[13]Yu Xiang,Liu Lei,Wu Kun. Optimal routing between cluster based on circular search method in WSN[J]. Telecommunications Science,2015,31(2):103-107.
[14]Wang Jin,Lee Young-koo. Determination of the optimal hop number for wireless sensor networks[C]//International Conference on Computational Science and ITS Applications,2009:408-418.
[15]Barati H,Movaghar A,Rahmani A M. EACHP:energy aware clustering hierarchy protocol for large scale wireless sensor networks[J]. Wireless Personal Communications,2015,85(3):765-789.
[16]Sun Chao,Peng Li,Tang Bo. Ring-based energy-balanced clustering routing algorithm[J]. Application Research of Computers,2018,35(6):1822-1825,1829.
[17]Banerjee S,Chowdhury C,Chattopadhyay S,et al. Two phased routing protocol incorporating distributed genetic algorithm and gradient based heuristic in clustered WSN[J]. Wireless Personal Communications,2017,97(4):5401-5425.
[2]廖福保,张文梅,李向阳,等.无线传感器网络中一种新的非均匀分簇路由协议[J].小型微型计算机系统,2015,36(6):1265-1270.
[6]李建洲,王海涛,陶安.一种能耗均衡的WSN分簇路由协议[J].传感技术学报,2013,26(3):396-401.
[8]李成法,陈贵海,叶懋,等.一种基于非均匀分簇的无线传感器网络路由协议[J].计算机学报,2007,30(1):27-36.
[9]蒋畅江,石为人,唐贤伦,等.能量均衡的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇路由协议[J].软件学报,2012,23(5):1222-1232.
[10]汪振前,赵明,武正江.自提名式非均匀分簇路由协议[J].小型微型计算机系统,2017,38(6):1181-1186.
[11]孙彦清,彭舰,刘唐,等.基于动态分区的无线传感器网络非均匀成簇路由协议[J].通信学报,2014,35(1):198-206.
[12]武正江,赵明,邓伊琴.一种新的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇双簇头算法-UDCH算法[J].小型微型计算机系统,2016,37(12):2612-2616.
[13]余翔,刘磊,吴堃.基于环形搜索的WSN簇间最优路由选择[J].电信科学,2015,31(2):103-107.
[16]孙超,彭力,唐波.基于环的能耗均衡分簇路由算法[J].计算机应用研究,2018,35(6):1822-1825,1829.