Piety in the Devil's city: Religious life in Verona during the reign of Ezzelino da Romano 1215--1260.
详细信息
- 作者：Stiles ; Jennifer Elizabeth Wyka.
- 学历：Ph.D.
- 年：2011
- 导师：Madden, Thomas F.,eadvisorGavitt, Phillipecommittee memberHitchcock, Jamesecommittee member
- 毕业院校：Saint Louis University
- Department：History
- ISBN：9781124467153
- CBH：3440168
- Country：USA
- 语种：English
- FileSize：747343
- Pages：225
文摘
During the High Middle Ages, the city of Verona in Northern Italy stood at the geographic, political, and social crossroads of imperial and papal power. However, during the first half of the thirteenth century, Lord Ezzelino da Romanos affiliation with the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II, put the city at odds with the Church. Ezzelinos support of imperial interests in the region at the expense of the papacy, as well as his persecution of large numbers of the laity and clergy alike resulted in him being declared an excommunicate for most of the years between 1225 and 1260. Papal condemnation fell most heavily upon the shoulders of Frederick II and his sympathizer, Ezzelino, but the papal bulls lay interdict and threatened excommunication upon all the citizens living within the region. Events culminated in Pope Innocent IV issuing an interdict against the city in 1249 and his successor Alexander IV declaring a crusade against the heretics of Verona in 1254. As a result of the interdict, parish churches closed their doors, their bells fell silent, and the clergy ceased to dispense the sacraments that had long been an essential component of life in the Christianized west of the Middle Ages. It is such uncertainty that often drives souls to seek spiritual comfort, and yet the official channels of the Church, the most widely acknowledged conduits to God at the time, were obstructed by both papal and political actions. How did the citizens of Verona respond? Much has been written about the imperial papal contest in Italy, but this dissertation is not, at its heart, another Guelf-Ghibelline investigation, rather it examines a variety of contemporary sources including, wills, donations and letters, to explore how the struggle between sacred and secular powers influenced popular religious life in the city of Verona.