The El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation cycle simulated by the climate system model of Chinese Academy of Sciences

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• 作者：Tonghua Su ; Feng Xue ; Hongchuan Sun ; Guangqing Zhou
• 关键词：climate system model of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; El Ni?o ; Southern Oscillation cycle ; El Ni?o ; thermocline ; wind stress
• 刊名：Acta Oceanologica Sinica
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：January 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：34
• 期：1
• 页码：55-65
• 全文大小：1,076 KB
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• 刊物主题：Oceanography; Climatology; Ecology; Engineering Fluid Dynamics; Marine & Freshwater Sciences; Environmental Chemistry;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1869-1099

文摘

On the basis of more than 200-year control run, the performance of the climate system model of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-ESM-C) in simulating the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle is evaluated, including the onset, development and decay of the ENSO. It is shown that, the model can reasonably simulate the annual cycle and interannual variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific, as well as the seasonal phase-locking of the ENSO. The model also captures two prerequisites for the El Ni?o onset, i.e., a westerly anomaly and a warm SST anomaly in the equatorial western Pacific. Owing to too strong forcing from an extratropical meridional wind, however, the westerly anomaly in this region is largely overestimated. Moreover, the simulated thermocline is much shallower with a weaker slope. As a result, the warm SST anomaly from the western Pacific propagates eastward more quickly, leading to a faster development of an El Ni?o. During the decay stage, owing to a stronger El Ni?o in the model, the secondary Gill-type response of the tropical atmosphere to the eastern Pacific warming is much stronger, thereby resulting in a persistent easterly anomaly in the western Pacific. Meanwhile, a cold anomaly in the warm pool appears as a result of a lifted thermocline via Ekman pumping. Finally, an El Ni?o decays into a La Ni?a through their interactions. In addition, the shorter period and larger amplitude of the ENSO in the model can be attributed to a shallower thermocline in the equatorial Pacific, which speeds up the zonal redistribution of a heat content in the upper ocean.