Cellular functions of TMEM16/anoctamin

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• 作者：Uhtaek Oh ; Jooyoung Jung
• 关键词：Anoctamin ; TMEM16 ; Ca2+ ; activated Cl− channel ; Scramblase ; Cl− secretion ; Nociception ; Tumorigenesis ; Proliferation
• 刊名：Pfl¨¹gers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：March 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：468
• 期：3
• 页码：443-453
• 全文大小：603 KB
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• 作者单位：Uhtaek Oh (1) (2)
  Jooyoung Jung (1)
  
  1. Sensory Research Center, CRI, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
  2. Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
  
• 刊物主题：Human Physiology;
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1432-2013

文摘

Ca2+-activated Cl− channels (CaCCs) are a class of Cl− channels activated by intracellular Ca2+ that are known to mediate numerous physiological functions. In 2008, the molecular identity of CaCCs was found to be anoctamin 1 (ANO1/TMEM16A). Its roles have been studied in electrophysiological, histological, and genetic aspects. ANO1 is known to mediate Cl− secretion in secretory epithelia such as airways, salivary glands, intestines, renal tubules, and sweat glands. ANO1 is a heat sensor activated by noxious heat in somatosensory neurons and mediates acute pain sensation as well as chronic pain. ANO1 is also observed in vascular as well as airway smooth muscles, controlling vascular tone as well as airway hypersensitivity. ANO1 is upregulated in numerous types of cancers and thus thought to be involved in tumorigenesis. ANO1 is also found in proliferating cells. In addition to ANO1, involvement of its paralogs in pathophysiological conditions was also reported. ANO2 is involved in olfaction, whereas ANO6 works as a scramblase whose mutation causes a rare bleeding disorder, the Scott syndrome. ANO5 is associated with muscle and bone diseases. Recently, an X-ray crystal structure of a fungal TMEM16 was reported, which explains a precise molecular gating mechanism as well as ion conduction or phospholipid transport across the plasma membrane. Keywords Anoctamin TMEM16 Ca2+-activated Cl− channel Scramblase Cl− secretion Nociception Tumorigenesis Proliferation