Many plants accumulate betaine in response to water stress. The betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) is the key enzyme in betaine biosynthesis in plants and can be regulated by BADH gene. A pot experiment was conducted to compare the relation of betaine content and BADH gene expression in two sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) varieties differing in drought tolerance. We observed an evident correlation between the transcript up-regulation and the betaine accumulation under water stress. Results showed that the betaine content and BADH gene expression in the drought tolerant variety, was significantly increased under drought stress. The betaine accumulation and BADH gene expression might function as one response to eliminate the negative effects of drought and may play a critical role in maintaining photosynthetic activity in sugarbeet plants under water stress.KeywordsSugarbeetBADHBetaineWater stress