Rational Concept for Designing Vapor鈥揕iquid鈥揝olid Growth of Single Crystalline Metal Oxide Nanowires

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• 作者：Annop Klamchuen ; Masaru Suzuki ; Kazuki Nagashima ; Hideto Yoshida ; Masaki Kanai ; Fuwei Zhuge ; Yong He ; Gang Meng ; Shoichi Kai ; Seiji Takeda ; Tomoji Kawai ; Takeshi Yanagida
• 刊名：Nano Letters
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：October 14, 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：15
• 期：10
• 页码：6406-6412
• 全文大小：479K
• ISSN：1530-6992

文摘

Metal oxide nanowires hold great promise for various device applications due to their unique and robust physical properties in air and/or water and also due to their abundance on Earth. Vapor鈥搇iquid鈥搒olid (VLS) growth of metal oxide nanowires offers the high controllability of their diameters and spatial positions. In addition, VLS growth has applicability to axial and/or radial heterostructures, which are not attainable by other nanowire growth methods. However, material species available for the VLS growth of metal oxide nanowires are substantially limited even though the variety of material species, which has fascinating physical properties, is the most interesting feature of metal oxides. Here we demonstrate a rational design for the VLS growth of various metal oxide nanowires, based on the 鈥渕aterial flux window鈥? This material flux window describes the concept of VLS nanowire growth within a limited material flux range, where nucleation preferentially occurs only at a liquid鈥搒olid interface. Although the material flux was previously thought to affect primarily the growth rate, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that the material flux is the important experimental variable for the VLS growth of metal oxide nanowires. On the basis of the material flux window concept, we discover novel metal oxide nanowires, composed of MnO, CaO, Sm₂O₃, NiO, and Eu₂O₃, which were previously impossible to form via the VLS route. The newly grown NiO nanowires exhibited stable memristive properties superior to conventional polycrystalline devices due to the single crystallinity. Thus, this VLS design route offers a useful guideline for the discovery of single crystalline nanowires that are composed of functional metal oxide materials.