Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide in Coal with Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery-A Review

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• 作者：Curt M. White ; Duane H. Smith ; Kenneth L. Jones ; Angela L. Goodman ; Sinisha A. Jikich ; Robert B. LaCount ; Stephen B. DuBose ; Ekrem Ozdemir ; Badie I. Morsi ; and Karl T. Schroeder
• 刊名：Energy & Fuels
• 出版年：2005
• 出版时间：May 2005
• 年：2005
• 卷：19
• 期：3
• 页码：659 - 724
• 全文大小：1206K
• 年卷期：v.19,no.3(May 2005)
• ISSN：1520-5029

文摘

This article reviews the storage of captured CO₂ in coal seams. Other geologic formations, suchas depleted petroleum reservoirs, deep saline aquifers and others have received considerableattention as sites for sequestering CO₂. This review focuses on geologic sequestration of CO₂ inunmineable coalbeds as the geologic host. Key issues for geologic sequestration include potentialstorage capacity, the storage integrity of the geologic host, and the chemical and physical processesinitiated by the deep underground injection of CO₂. The review topics include (i) the estimatedCO₂ storage capacity of coal, along with the estimated amount and composition of coalbed gas; (ii)an evaluation of the coal seam properties relevant to CO₂ sequestration, such as density, surfacearea, porosity, diffusion, permeability, transport, rank, adsorption/desorption, shrinkage/swelling,and thermochemical reactions; and (iii) a treatment of how coalbed methane (CBM) recovery andCO₂-enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery are performed (in addition, the use of adsorption/desorption isotherms, injection well characterization, and gas injection are described, as well asreservoir screening criteria and field tests operating in the United States and abroad); (iv) leakdetection using direct measurements, chemical tracers, and seismic monitoring; (v) economicconsiderations using CO₂ injection, flue gas injection, and predictive tools for CO₂ capture/sequestration decisions; (vi) environmental safety and health (ES&H) aspects of CO₂-enhancedcoalbed methane/sequestration, hydrodynamic flow through the coal seam, accurate gas inventory,ES&H aspects of produced water and practices relative to ECBM recovery/sequestration; (vii) aninitial set of working hypotheses concerning the chemical, physical, and thermodynamic eventsinitiated when CO₂ is injected into a coalbed; and (viii) a discussion of gaps in our knowledge basethat will require further research and development. Further development is clearly required toimprove the technology and economics while decreasing the risks and hazards of sequestrationtechnology. These concerns include leakage to the surface, induced seismic activity, and long-termmonitoring to verify the storage integrity. However, these concerns should not overshadow themajor advances of an emerging greenhouse gas control technology that are reviewed in this paper.