Perfluoroalkyl Acids in the Atlantic and Canadian Arctic Oceans

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• 作者：Jonathan P. Benskin ; Derek C. G. Muir ; Brian F. Scott ; Christine Spencer ; Amila O. De Silva ; Henrik Kylin ; Jonathan W. Martin ; Adam Morris ; Rainer Lohmann ; Gregg Tomy ; Bruno Rosenberg ; Sachi Taniyasu ; Nobuyoshi Yamashita
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T)
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：June 5, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：46
• 期：11
• 页码：5815-5823
• 全文大小：577K
• 年卷期：v.46,no.11(June 5, 2012)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

We report here on the spatial distribution of C₄, C₆, and C₈ perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, C₆鈥揅₁₄ perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, and perfluorooctanesulfonamide in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, including previously unstudied coastal waters of North and South America, and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were typically the dominant perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in Atlantic water. In the midnorthwest Atlantic/Gulf Stream, sum PFAA concentrations (鈭慞FAAs) were low (77鈥?90 pg/L) but increased rapidly upon crossing into U.S. coastal water (up to 5800 pg/L near Rhode Island). 鈭慞FAAs in the northeast Atlantic were highest north of the Canary Islands (280鈥?80 pg/L) and decreased with latitude. In the South Atlantic, concentrations increased near Rio de la Plata (Argentina/Uruguay; 350鈥?40 pg/L 鈭慞FAAs), possibly attributable to insecticides containing N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide, or proximity to Montevideo and Buenos Aires. In all other southern hemisphere locations, 鈭慞FAAs were <210 pg/L. PFOA/PFOS ratios were typically 鈮? in the northern hemisphere, 1 near the equator, and 鈮? in the southern hemisphere. In the Canadian Arctic, 鈭慞FAAs ranged from 40 to 250 pg/L, with perfluoroheptanoate, PFOA, and PFOS among the PFAAs detected at the highest concentrations. PFOA/PFOS ratios (typically 1) decreased from Baffin Bay to the Amundsen Gulf, possibly attributable to increased atmospheric inputs. These data help validate global emissions models and contribute to understanding of long-range transport pathways and sources of PFAAs to remote regions.