100 Years of Sediment Accumulation History of Organic Halogens and Heavy Metals in Recipient and Nonrecipient Lakes of Pulping Industry in Finland

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• 作者：Mika A. Kä ; hkö ; nen ; Kimmo P. Suominen ; Pentti K. G. Manninen ; and Mirja S. Salkinoja-Salonen
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：1998
• 出版时间：June 15, 1998
• 年：1998
• 卷：32
• 期：12
• 页码：1741 - 1746
• 全文大小：222K
• 年卷期：v.32,no.12(June 15, 1998)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Rate of sediment accumulation of extractable organichalogen (EOX) and of 12 trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr,Cu,Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, and Zn) were analyzedretrospectivelyover 100 years in the recipient area of pulp mills in LakeSaimaa and in two nonrecipient forest lakes in southeastern Finland. The sediments were dated by ²¹⁰Pband¹³⁷Cs activities. From 1880s to 1940s, <1 mg ofEOX-Cl accumulated m^-2year^-1 in the sediment ofsoutheasternLake Saimaa, but accumulation increased to 1350 mg ofEOX-Cl m^-2 year^-1from the 1950s to the 1980s at 3 kmand to 500 mg at 5 km from the discharge point ofbleaching pulp mills. Abandoning elemental chlorineinbleaching and adopting biological treatment forwastewatersin the 1990s associated with a decreasing the sedimentaccumulation of EOX to <400 mg of EOX-Clm^-2 year^-1atboth sites. The deposition rates of inorganicelementswere similar in all three lakes from 1880s to 1940s, 5-40mgm^-2 year^-1 for Mnand Zn, 1-5 mg m^-2year^-1 for Cr,Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, and V, and below 1 mg m^-2year^-1 for As,Cd, Co, and Hg. After the 1950s, the sedimentaccumulationrates of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn, and carbonincreased2-5-fold in the recipient lake and those of Pb, Hg, andSn also in the nonrecipient lakes. From each ton ofadsorbableorganic halogen (AOX) discharged by the mills, 0.6-0.1mg of EOX-Cl m^-2 accumulated in the LakeSaimaa sedimentsat 3-5 km from the mills. From the slope ofsedimentaccumulation vs time, the half-life of the EOX of pulpmillorigin in the sediment was estimated as 60-80 years.The rates of sediment accumulation of Hg during thedecadeswhen organomercurials were used as slimicides showthat sediment was not the main sink for the Hg.