Design of Hybrid Electrochromic Materials with Large Electrical Modulation of Plasmonic Resonances

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• 作者：Petr A. Ledin ; Ju-Won Jeon ; Jeffrey A. Geldmeier ; James F. Ponder Jr. ; Mahmoud A. Mahmoud ; Mostafa El-Sayed ; John R. Reynolds ; Vladimir V. Tsukruk
• 刊名：ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：May 25, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：8
• 期：20
• 页码：13064-13075
• 全文大小：827K
• 年卷期：0
• ISSN：1944-8252

文摘

We present a rational approach to fabricating plasmonically active hybrid polymer–metal nanomaterials with electrochemical tunability of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of noble metal nanostructures embedded in an electroactive polymer matrix. The key requirement for being able to significantly modulate the LSPR band position is a close overlap between the refractive index change [Δn(λ)] of a stimuli-responsive polymeric matrix and the intrinsic LSPR bands. For this purpose, gold nanorods with a controlled aspect ratio, synthesized to provide high refractive index sensitivity while maintaining good oxidative stability, were combined with a solution-processable electroactive and electrochromic polymer (ECP): alkoxy-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) [PProDOT(CH₂OEtHx)₂]. Spectral characteristics of the ECP, in particular the Δn(λ) variation, were evaluated as the material was switched between oxidized and reduced states. We fabricated ultrathin plasmonic electrochromic hybrid films consisting of gold nanorods and ECP that exhibited a large, stable, and reversible LSPR modulation of up to 25–30 nm with an applied electrical potential. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations confirm a good match between the experimentally measured refractive index change in the ECP and the plasmonic response during electrochemical modulations.