Trends of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Herring Gull Eggs from Two Coastal Colonies in Northern Norway: 1983-2003
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- 作者：Jonathan Verreault ; Urs Berger ; Geir W. Gabrielsen
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2007
- 出版时间：October 1, 2007
- 年：2007
- 卷：41
- 期：19
- 页码：6671 - 6677
- 全文大小：146K
- 年卷期：v.41,no.19(October 1, 2007)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
The present study reports on concentrations, patterns,and temporal trends (1983, 1993, and 2003) of 16 perfluorinatedalkyl substances (PFAS) in whole eggs of herring gulls(Larus argentatus) from two geographically isolated coloniesin northern Norway. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)was the predominant PFAS in all eggs with meanconcentrations up to 42 ng/g wet weight (ww) in samplesfrom 2003. Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) andperfluorodecane sulfonate (PFDcS) were found at concentrations several orders of magnitude lower than PFOS. Thegeneral accumulation profile of perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs)in herring gull eggs was characterized by high proportionsof odd and long carbon (C) chain length compounds inwhich perfluoroundecanoate (C11) and perfluorotridecanoate(C13) dominated with mean concentrations up to 4.2 and2.8 ng/g ww, respectively. In both colonies PFOSconcentrations in eggs showed a nearly 2-fold significantincrease from 1983 to 1993, followed by a leveling offup to 2003. A comparable trend was found for PFHxS,whereas PFDcS was found to increase also between 1993and 2003. PFCA concentrations showed marked significantincreases during 1983-1993 associated with either a weakrise post-1993 (C8- to C11-PFCAs), although nonsignificant,or leveling off (C12- and C13-PFCAs). However, thecomposition of individual PFCAs (C8 to C15) to the summedconcentrations of those eight PFCAs highly differedbetween the colonies and sampling years investigated.Present results suggest that direct and indirect local- and/or remote-sourced inputs (atmospheric and waterborne)of PFCAs have changed over the last two decades in thesetwo coastal areas of Northern Norway.