A Stable Isotope Approach for the Quantification of Sewer Infiltration
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- 作者：Oliver Kracht ; Markus Gresch ; Willi Gujer
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2007
- 出版时间：August 15, 2007
- 年：2007
- 卷：41
- 期：16
- 页码：5839 - 5845
- 全文大小：458K
- 年卷期：v.41,no.16(August 15, 2007)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Extraneous flows in wastewater collection systems areconventionally evaluated solely on the considerationof discharge hydrographs, which often involves a greatdegree of subjectivity and oversimplification. To obtain reliableinformation on the material fluxes within the urbanenvironment, the use of intrinsic tracers can be the optimalchoice. We demonstrate the successful use of naturallyoccurring stable isotopes of water (18O/16O and D/H) toaccurately quantify extraneous discharge of groundwaterin a combined sewer network. Fresh water supply froma distant hydrological regime provided usable isotopicseparations between drinking water (proxy for real foulsewage) and local groundwater (proxy for sewer infiltration)of 1.8” in 
18O and 11.7” in 2H. Diurnal variation ofwastewater isotopic composition reflected both the varyingrates of foul sewage production and irregular dispersioneffects in the pipe network. The latter suggest the existenceof larger cumulative backwater zone volumes, whichhave not been attended to yet. Infiltrating groundwatercontributed 39% (95% confidence interval = ±2.5%) of thetotal daily dry weather wastewater discharge. Thispaper discusses all relevant aspects for practical applicationof the method. It presents a comprehensive frameworkfor uncertainty analysis and details on the detection anddiscrimination of possibly interfering effects.
18O and 11.7” in 2H. Diurnal variation ofwastewater isotopic composition reflected both the varyingrates of foul sewage production and irregular dispersioneffects in the pipe network. The latter suggest the existenceof larger cumulative backwater zone volumes, whichhave not been attended to yet. Infiltrating groundwatercontributed 39% (95% confidence interval = ±2.5%) of thetotal daily dry weather wastewater discharge. Thispaper discusses all relevant aspects for practical applicationof the method. It presents a comprehensive frameworkfor uncertainty analysis and details on the detection anddiscrimination of possibly interfering effects.