Characterization of 15N-TNT Residues After an Anaerobic/Aerobic Treatment of Soil/Molasses Mixtures by Solid-State 15N NMR Spectroscopy. 2. Systematic Investigation of Whole Soil
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- 作者：Dirk Bruns-Nagel ; Heike Knicker ; Oliver Drzyzga ; Ulf Butehorn ; Klaus Steinbach ; Diethard Gemsa ; and Eberhard von Low
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2000
- 出版时间：April 15, 2000
- 年：2000
- 卷：34
- 期：8
- 页码：1549 - 1556
- 全文大小：145K
- 年卷期：v.34,no.8(April 15, 2000)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
An anaerobic/aerobic composting experiment with 15N-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) spiked soil was performedto investigate the fate of the explosive under the appliedconditions. For a qualitative description of TNT-residuesformed during the composting process, bulk soil and differentsoil fractions were subjected to solid-state 15N NMRspectroscopy. Major resonance signals could be detectedin the chemical shift regions of five-ring heterocyclicnitrogen and in the area of aniline derivatives and primaryamines. Distinct nitro peaks were found in the bulksamples and in the humic fractions obtained with a mildextraction procedure. This signal disappeared in the materialextracted with a more drastic procedure. Quantitativeinvestigations of the 15N distribution in the compostedmaterial revealed that 33% of the stable nitrogen isotopewas incorporated into the humic- and fulvic acid, and 23%was present in the humin. Furthermore 38.8% of the 15Npresent in the composted material could be allotted tocondensed TNT residues, whereas 1.9% are assigned tonitro functions and 15.2% to amino functions. In theinvestigation presented here a bioremediation methodwas simulated with 15N-TNT spiked soil. The nonradioactivelabel allowed a qualitative and quantitative characterizationof residues of the explosive. Our results give strongevidence for a stable incorporation of the nitroaromaticsinto the humic material of soils. However, further investigationswill be necessary to prove a long-time stability of boundTNT residues and to assess toxicological effects of the treatedsoil.