Global Transport and Deposition of 137Cs Following the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident in Japan: Emphasis on Europe and Asia Using High鈥揜esolution Model Versions and Radiological Imp

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Nikolaos Evangeliou ; Yves Balkanski ; Anne Cozic ; Anders Pape M酶ller
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T)
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：June 4, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：47
• 期：11
• 页码：5803-5812
• 全文大小：553K
• 年卷期：v.47,no.11(June 4, 2013)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

The earthquake and the subsequent tsunami that occurred offshore of Japan resulted in an important loss of life and a serious accident at the nuclear facility of Fukushima. The 鈥渉ot spots鈥?of the release are evaluated here applying the model LMDZORINCA for ¹³⁷Cs. Moreover, an assessment is attempted for the population and the environment using the dosimetric scheme of the WHO and the interactive tool ERICA, respectively. Cesium-137 was deposited mostly in Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and North Pole (80%), whereas the rest in the continental areas of North America and Eurasia contributed slightly to the natural background (0.5鈥?.0 kBq m^鈥?). The effective dose from ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³⁴Cs (radiocesium) irradiation during the first 3 months was estimated between 1鈥? mSv in Fukushima and the neighboring prefectures. In the rest of Japan, the respective doses were found to be less than 0.5 mSv, whereas in the rest of the world it was less than 0.1 mSv. Such doses are equivalent with the obtained dose from a simple X-ray; for the highly contaminated regions, they are close to the dose limit for exposure due to radon inhalation (10 mSv). The calculated dose rates from radiocesium exposure on reference organisms ranged from 0.03 to 0.18 渭Gy h^鈥?, which are 2 orders of magnitude below the screening dose limit (10 渭Gy h^鈥?) that could result in obvious effects on the population. However, these results may underestimate the real situation, since stable soil density was used in the calculations, a zero radiocesium background was assumed, and dose only from two radionuclides was estimated, while more that 40 radionuclides have been deposited in the vicinity of the facility. When monitoring data applied, much higher dose rates were estimated certifying ecological risk for small mammals and reptiles in terms of cytogenetic damage and reproduction.