Application of Fe/Activated Carbon Catalysts in the Hydroxylation of Phenol to Dihydroxybenzenes

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• 作者：Mingming Jin ; Ruiguang Yang ; Meifang Zhao ; Guiying Li ; Changwei Hu
• 刊名：Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：February 26, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：53
• 期：8
• 页码：2932-2939
• 全文大小：539K
• 年卷期：v.53,no.8(February 26, 2014)
• ISSN：1520-5045

文摘

A series of Fe/activated carbon catalysts were prepared by impregnation of activated carbon with aqueous solution of ferric nitrate and employed in phenol hydroxylation to dihydroxybenzenes using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The samples were characterized by thermal analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), N₂-adsorption, temperature-programmed oxidation mass spectrometry (TPO-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Part of the ferric (Fe(III)) species was reduced to ferrous (Fe(II)) species forming Fe₃O₄ when the Fe/activated carbon catalyst was heated at 400 掳C for 3 h in air. Fe₃O₄ highly dispersed on activated carbon was found to be the active phase for the target reaction. The appearance of ferrous (Fe(II)) species greatly improved the catalytic activity. A phenol conversion of 41.3% and a yield of 36.0% to dihydroxybenzenes were obtained under the following optimal reaction conditions: catalyst amount, 0.1 g; reaction temperature, 30 掳C; molar ratio of phenol/H₂O₂, 10.6/9.8; reaction time, 1 h.