The Kankakee River: a case study and management recommendations for a stream diverse in habitat, fauna, and human values : T. J. Kwak, Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service, 19, 1993, pp 123–141
文摘
Considerable drainage of wetlands and dredging have occurred. Eighteen municipal wastewater treatment plants discharge their treated effluents in tributaries or in the mainstem of the system. Water quality problems are minimal to minor. Macroinvertebrate studies also indicate good to very good water quality. Of 39 species of freshwater mussels reported, nine have been proposed for the state endangered species list; one of these is also proposed for the federal list. Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) values in one study ranged from 28-50. The middle section of the river has been characterized by some biologists as one of the outstanding streams of Illinois. Three endangered fishes (eastern sand darter, harlequin darter, and bigeye chub) have been reported from the mainstem. The bigeye shiner, a threatened species, also has been reported. The major warmwater fishes present are cyprinids (28), percids (15), catostomids (14), centrarchids (12), and ictalurids (9). At least 89 species inhabit the system. Major problems needing attention are silt load from agricultural fields, oil field wastes, and the need for wastewater treatment plant improvements. Erosion control is the primary need.