LED UV/chlorine oxidation can significantly degrade Carbamazepine (CBZ). LED UV/chlorine is much more efficient than LED UV/H2O2 for CBZ degradation. OH and Cl are two dominant radical species for CBZ degradation by LED UV/chlorine. LED UV/chlorine is most efficient at pH 8.5 because OCl− is the main active species. Oxidation byproducts exhibit acute toxicity and cytotoxicity.