Conventional and unconventional petroleum 鈥渙rderly accumulation鈥? Concept and practical significance

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• 作者：Caineng ZOU ; Zhi YANG ; Guosheng ZHANG ; Lianhua HOU ; Rukai ZHU ; Shizhen TAO ; Xuanjun YUAN ; dazhong DONG ; Yuman WANG ; Qiulin GUO ; Lan WANG ; Haibin BI ; Denghua LI ; Na WU
• 关键词：unconventional petroleum ; &ldquo ; orderly accumulation&rdquo ; co-development ; &ldquo ; sweet spot area&rdquo ; assessment ; &ldquo ; factory-like&rdquo ; operation pattern ; &ldquo ; man-made reservoir&rdquo ; tight oil ; shale oil ; shale gas ; tight gas ; petroleum exploration into source rocks
• 刊名：Petroleum Exploration and Development
• 出版年：February, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：41
• 期：1
• 页码：14-30
• 全文大小：4117 K

文摘

Based on the latest global conventional-unconventional petroleum development situation and the conclusion of petroleum geology theory and technology innovation in recent 10 years, the connotation of conventional and unconventional petroleum 鈥渙rderly accumulation鈥?connotation is formulated. This concept indicates that, unconventional petroleum occurs in the hydrocarbon supply direction of conventional petroleum, and conventional petroleum may appear in the outer space of unconventional petroleum. Proper evaluation methods and engineering technology are important to push the conventional-unconventional petroleum co-development, and the petroleum finding thought from outer-source into inner-source. Unconventional petroleum evaluation focuses on source rocks characteristics, lithology, physical property, brittleness, oil-gas possibility and stress anisotropy. Taking shale gas for examples, in China, these six properties are TOC>2%, laminated silicious calcareous shale or calcareous silicious shale, porosity 3%-8%, brittle minerals content 50%-80%, gas content 2.3-4.1 m³/t, pressure coefficient 1.0-2.3, natural fractures; in north America, these six properties are TOC>4%, silicious shale or calcareous shale or marl, porosity 4%-9%, brittle minerals content 40%-70%, gas content 2.8-9.9 m³/t, pressure coefficient 1.3-1.85, natural fractures. 鈥淪weet spot area鈥?assessment, 鈥渇actory-like鈥?operation pattern and other core evaluation methods and technologies are discussed. And 8 key elements of unconventional 鈥渟weet spot area鈥?are proposed, 3 of them are TOC>2% (for shale oil S₁>2 mg/g), higher porosity (for tight oil & gas >10%, shale oil & gas >3%), and microfractures. Multiple wells 鈥渇actory-like鈥?operation pattern is elaborated, and its implementation needs 4 elements, i.e. batch well spacing, standard design, flow process, and reutilization. Through horizontal well volume fractures in directions, 鈥渕an-made reservoirs鈥?with large-scale fracture systems can be formed underground. For 鈥渟hale oil revolution鈥?in future, non-water 鈥済as in critical state鈥?and etc. fracturing fluid and matching technology should be stressed to be industrially tested and encouraged to be low cost developed.