The relationship between smoking machine derived tar yields and biomarkers of exposure in adult cigarette smokers in the US

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• 作者：Paul Mendes ; Qiwei Liang ; Kimberly Frost-Pineda ; Sagar Munjal ; Ruediger-A. Walk ; Hans J. Roethig
• 关键词：Tobacco smoke ; Nicotine ; Carbon monoxide ; Carboxyhemoglobin ; Cotinine ; NNAL ; 3-HPMA ; 1-OHP ; 4-ABP-Hb
• 刊名：Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：October 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：55
• 期：1
• 页码：17-27
• 全文大小：329 K

文摘

Comprehensive data on human exposure to smoke constituents from different machine-measured tar yield cigarettes is limited. Methods: This study used a stratified, cross-sectional, multi-center design to estimate biomarkers of exposure (BOE) from nicotine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), pyrene, CO, acrolein, and 1,3-butadiene and their relationship to tar yield categories of cigarette in adult smokers in the U.S. 3625 adults smokers were enrolled into four tar categories 2.9 mg (T1), 3.0–6.9 mg (T2), 7.0–12.9 mg (T3), and 13.0 mg (T4). Biomarkers were measured in blood (carboxyhemoglobin, 4-aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin (4-ABP-Hb)-adducts, serum cotinine) and 24 h urine (nicotine and five metabolites, calculated as nicotine equivalents (NE), NNAL, 1-OH-pyrene, 3-HPMA, MHBMA and DHBMA). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Tar was a significant factor for most biomarkers in the ANCOVA models. The largest least square mean differences between tar categories was 35 % for NE per day, 28 % for NE per cigarette, 36 % for serum cotinine, 42 % for NNAL per day, 29 % for NNAL per cigarette, 26 % for 1-OHP, 24 % for COHb, 14 % for 3-HPMA and 40 % for 4-ABP-Hb. Variability in BOE ranged from 41 % to 154 % CV. Conclusions: There was a statistically significant effect of machine-measured tar yield on most BOE, which were generally lower with lower tar yield.