The first high-resolution 3D thermochemical model of the NCC is obtained using multi-observable probabilistic inversion method.
We image a highly heterogeneous lithospheric structure, both thermally and chemically.
Large-scale upwelling interacts with the shallow lithosphere beneath the TNCO producing volcanism and metasomatism.
A thick and refractory lithospheric "keel" is preserved beneath the Ordos Block and TNCO.