Rock mass quality classification Q-system(latter shortened as Q-system)is one of the extensive application methods of rock mass quality classification. This method is created by Barton and other people of Norway in 1974, and modified many times in long-term engineering practice. The paper introduces detailed the latest Q-system modified by Barton in 2002, and successfully applies it to rock mass quality classification research of hydropower station dam region in southwest of China. Then the paper contrasts Q-system with other classification methods and presents a good correlationship.