Because the difference of seismic wave attenuation between VSP and surface seismic, it is inaccurate to use inverse Q filtering method of processing directly surface seismic data. Based on the inverse Q filtering for surface seismic data, the authors propose in this paper an inverse Q filtering suitable for VSP data. Firstly, the authors apply wave field separation of upgoing wave and downgoing wave on VSP data. Then, the authors use inverse Q filtering compensation according to VSP upgoing and downing wave characteristics. The results of this method on model data and real VSP data show that the inverse Q filtering compensation is reliable.