In this paper, the authors studied the structural characteristics and evolution of Xiaokuan Fracture Zone in Lishu Rift. Seismic profile, structural evolution sections are adopted. Xiaokuan fault is a strike-slip fault, it controlled the deposition style of Shahezi period-Quantou period. Xiaokuan Fault began developed in Shahezi period and stopped in the end of Quantou period, the active time of Xiaokuan Fault was same as hydrocarbon generation, which played a decisive role for the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in this region.