The reductive decolorization of azo dye wastewater was investigated by using a dual-chambered bioelectrochemical cell equipped with different cathode materials (graphite and rutile-coated graphite). The results demonstrate that the cathodic electron transfer process in the irradiated rutile-cathode system is driven by the photocatalysis of rutile. Based on an analysis of decolorization products, the authors put forward a possible cathodic reaction mechanism for the photoreductive decolorization of MO, i.e., the azo bond of MO is cleaved by photoelectrons at the irradiated rutile-cathode, resulting in the formation of colorless hydrazine derivative.