This paper presents the S wave velocity structure of South China Sea and surrounding regions derived from surface wave tomography. The lateral variation of the velocity structure consists basically with the tectonic division of this region, and shows the major structural features of each tectonic unit: 1) the Yangtze block has a thick lithosphere of high velocity; 2) the lithosphere thickness of South China Sea basin is 60~70 km and varies insignificantly laterally; and 3) in the continental margin areas surrounding South China Sea basin, lithosphere thickness varies remarkably, the velocity of lid and asthenosphere is significantly lower than that in the sea basin and surrounding land areas.