The southern Tianshan collisional orogenic belt belongs to the middle-southern part of the Tianshan orogenic system in the southern North Asia area between the oft-com:office:smarttags" />Siberia and Tarim blocks. It is situated between the Tarim and Kazakhstan-Junggar blocks, and geographically includes the Haerke, Erbin and Hula Mountains. The orogen is mainly made up of Paleozoic terrenes, which are represented by active continental margins at the southern and northern sides and relic oceanic crusts and accretionary complex (produced during evolution of the Paleozoic southern Tianshan Ocean) at the central region. It is proposed that the southern Tianshan oceanic basin came into being in Sinian through continental rifting, and continued to expand during Cambrian.