Through the field investigation of Sanyanyu Valley in Zhouqu County where occurred the giant flush flood and debris flow on August 8, 2010, the author summarized the geological environment background of loose solid material sources from several aspects of topography, stratum lithology, geological structure, hydrological geology, new tectonic movement and earthquake.Investigation results show that: 1) the loose solid matter of Sanyanyu debris flow mainly include collapse deposit, landslide deposit, eluvial deposit, talus deposit and trench deposit; 2) the total volume of loose solid matter of Sanyanyu valley is about 40 794 200 m3; and 3) the fundamental mode of Sanyanyu Gully loose mass converted to the components of debris flow included collapse and landslide deposited directly or fluvial eroded and transported by jamming trench.