In this paper, petrology and geochemistry methods were attempted to reveal the genesis of dolostones of the Upper Cambrian in the central area of Tarim Basin. The studied dolostones can be divided into “Cloudy center with bright rim” type of euhedral dolomite (CBED), “clean and light” type of euhedral dolomite (CLED) and “dirty section” type of euhedral/subhedral dolomite (DED or DSD). Conclusions were reached: 1) the crystallization of CBED can be divided into two stages, center stage and rim stage; 2) CLED is result of mixed water dolomitization; and 3) DED and DSD are results of dolomitization by evaporated seawater.