The Cyanophyceae or blue-green algae in recent decades have been transferred to a group of bacteria, the cyanobacteria. In this paper, the authors describe 11 genera of calcified cyanophycede from well cores of the Upper Ordovician Lianglitage Formation in the central Tarim Basin: Girvanella, Rothpletzella, Subtifloria, Hedstroemia, Ortonella, Garwoodia, Dimorphosiphonoides, Izhella, Renalcis, Proaulopora and Phacelophyton. According to Luchinina’s (1987)classification, these fossils fall into 5 families of 2 orders, belonging to two classes. Two questionable calcified cyanobacteria fossils, Nuia and Wetheredella, are also included, and the definitions of Hedstroemia and Ortonella, are emended. The authors recommend that two genera, Mitheldeania and Sphaerocodium, are abandoned.