Combined the integrated technology of ecological quantity analytical method with GIS technology, based on the MSS images in 1973, TM images in 1990 and 2000, CBERS images in 2005 and the land use data of 1983, the changes of land use/cover were analyzed in this paper in the main stream of Tarim River from 1973 to 2005. The results showed that the areas of farmland and residential land increased 25.72×104 hm2, 17.33×104 hm2 and 0.51×104 hm2 while the areas of grassland, forest and wetland decreased 29.10×104 hm2, 8.63×104 hm2 and 5.84×104 hm2, respectively.