Using
high-order staggering-grid finite difference method to solve the one-way
hyperbolic scalar wave equation in inhomogeneous medium, the authors perform a
2D seismic forward modeling for caves and thin beds. The forward modeling
reveals that the bead-like seismic reflection is the integrated response of
cave’s top reflection, cave’s bottom reflection and faint multiple between
cave’s top and bottom in migrated profiles. Further study shows that the first
three attributes transform discrete “beads” into continuous cone-shaped
amplitude body and destruct the vertical resolution, while the P-wave impedance
has a better vertical resolution.